ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Complex Challenge with Increased Atherosclerotic Risk.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Is Highly Prevalent in Autoimmune or Inflammatory Disease: A Multisite Study.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Risk in Psoriatic Arthritis: Mechanisms, Risk Assessment, and Long-Term Management Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- [Consensus statement of the Austrian Society for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation on the management of increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
- Review
- Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting mortality risk in adult rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of NHANES 1999-2018 data.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Interplay of rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease: Insights and prospects.SAGE open medicine · 2025Review
- The relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Major adverse cardiovascular events or venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis initiating biological or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a nationwide, population-based cohort study.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2025Article
- Volume and distribution of white matter hyperintensities in rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Treating Cardiovascular Disease in the Inflammatory Setting of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Ongoing Challenge.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Biomimetic ROS-responsive hyaluronic acid nanoparticles loaded with methotrexate for targeted anti-atherosclerosis.Regenerative biomaterials · 2024Article
- Review
- Interaction between rheumatoid arthritis and mediterranean diet on the risk of cardiovascular disease for the middle aged and elderly from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).BMC public health · 2023Article
- Dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis: the possible mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Outcomes Following Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With and Without Rheumatic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Jak Inhibitors for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Lessons from Systemic Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sulfonylureas or biguanides is associated with a lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with diabetes: A nationwide cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Methotrexate Enhances Atherosclerosis ProgressionIn vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries significant risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Traditional ASCVD risk factors fail to account for this accelerated atherosclerosis. Shared inflammatory pathways are fundamental in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Considering the impact of RA in increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the characterization of therapies encompassing both RA and ASCVD management merit high priority. Despite little progress, several drugs discussed here promote remission and or lower rheumatoid disease activity while simultaneously conferring some level of atheroprotection. Methotrexate, a widely used disease-modifying drug used in RA, is associated with significant reduction in cardiovascular adverse events. MTX promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages, upregulates free radical scavenging and improves endothelial function. Likewise, the sulfonamide drug sulfasalazine positively impacts the lipid profile by increasing HDL-C, and its use in RA has been correlated with reduced risk of myocardial infraction. In the biologic class, inhibitors of TNF-α and IL-6 contribute to improvements in endothelial function and promote anti-atherogenic properties of HDL-C, respectively. The immunosuppressant hydroxychloroquine positively affects insulin sensitization and the lipid profile. While no individual therapy has elicited optimal atheroprotection, further investigation of combination therapies are ongoing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.