ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Kinetics of Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the Insulin Receptor and the Transferrin Receptor.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric and visualization analysis of glioma pharmacotherapy from 2020 to 2024.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Antibody-Based Biologics for CNS Disorders.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Single-Chain Variable Fragment Fusion Proteins for Targeted Delivery and Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Translational applicability of human blood-brain barrier spheroid models for the development of brain-penetrant therapeutic antibodies.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Biological barriers underlying the extremely high fatality of symptomatic rabies: neuroinvasion, immune evasion, and blood-brain barrier restriction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-Mediated Transcytosis in Tumor Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Categories, and Novel Applications.Current drug delivery · 2026Review
- Transferrin-Functionalized Liposomes Enhance MAPT-ASO Transport Across a 3D Blood-Brain Barrier Microvascular Network Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Identification of Variable Lymphocyte Receptors That Target the Human Blood-Brain Barrier.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Nanoscale engineered exosomes for dual delivery of Sirtuin3 and insulin to ignite mitochondrial recovery in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Advances in Drug Targeting, Drug Delivery, and Nanotechnology Applications: Therapeutic Significance in Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Non-Invasive Device-Mediated Drug Delivery to the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Mind the Gap: Unraveling the Intricate Dance Between Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and Bone Health.Current osteoporosis reports · 2024Review
- Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising?Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Molecular mimicry of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: from the interaction of spike-specific antibodies with transferrin and lactoferrin to the antiviral effects of human recombinant lactoferrin.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Article
- Treatment of Parkinson's disease with biologics that penetrate the blood-brain barrier via receptor-mediated transport.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Article
- Peptide Shuttles for Blood-Brain Barrier Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biologic drugs are large molecule pharmaceuticals that do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by the brain capillary endothelium. Biologics can be re-engineered for BBB transport as IgG fusion proteins, where the IgG domain is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that targets an endogenous BBB transporter, such as the insulin receptor (IR) or transferrin receptor (TfR). The IR and TfR at the BBB transport the receptor-specific MAb in parallel with the transport of the endogenous ligand, insulin or transferrin. The kinetics of BBB transport of insulin or transferrin, or an IRMAb or TfRMAb, can be quantified with separate mathematical models. Mathematical models to estimate the half-time of receptor endocytosis, MAb or ligand exocytosis into brain extracellular space, or receptor recycling back to the endothelial luminal membrane were fit to the brain uptake of a TfRMAb or a IRMAb fusion protein in the Rhesus monkey. Model fits to the data also allow for estimates of the rates of association of the MAb in plasma with the IR or TfR that is embedded within the endothelial luminal membrane in vivo. The parameters generated from the model fits can be used to estimate the brain concentration profile of the MAb over time, and this brain exposure is shown to be a function of the rate of clearance of the antibody fusion protein from the plasma compartment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.