SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia in Spain in the COVID-19 Crisis.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep disorders and associated factors among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- COVID-19 and common mental health symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic: An umbrella review of the evidence.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of mental health in rural Andean populations in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Mental disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Creative strengthening groups as a potential intervention to enhance job satisfaction and reduce levels of burnout in healthcare professionals: results from the randomized controlled trial UPGRADE.BMC health services research · 2025Trial
- Comparing Images of Depression in Mass Media and AI-Generated Pictures: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Structural changes in adolescent mental health networks from the pandemic to the post-pandemic period: a network comparison study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Mediating effect of fear of happiness between intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety among Lebanese adults.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Depression prevalence estimates in Spain (1995-2021): a systematic review.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Review
- The Relevance of Insomnia Among Healthcare Workers: A Post-Pandemic COVID-19 Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Users remain overlooked: Shared decision-making processes for people with anxiety disorders.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Evolution of Well-Being and Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychiatric Service Use Among Psychiatric Outpatients.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Benzodiazepine use in Spain: risks and perspectives on the current situation and proposals for their rational use.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Depression and related factors among patients with post-COVID-19 conditions: Cross-sectional, hospital-based study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Comparison of psychopathology, purpose in life and moral courage between nursing home and hospital healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Suicide-Related Emergency Department Visits Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.Cureus · 2024Article
- Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Spanish University Students: Association with Lifestyle Habits and Mental Well-Being.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGeneral population, frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), and adult students in Spain are at risk of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis. A meta-analysis of the individual studies on these symptoms would provide systematic evidence to aid policymakers and researchers in focusing on prevalence, risk, and best interventions.
objectiveThis paper aims to be the first meta-analysis and systematic review to calculate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in Spain's adult population (general population, frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), and adult students) during the Covid-19 epidemic.
methodRandom-effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia.
resultsThe meta-analysis includes 28 studies with 38 individual samples in Spain. The pooled prevalence of anxiety symptoms in 22 studies comprising a sample population of 82,024 was 20% (95% CI: 15-25%), that of depression symptoms in 22 articles with a total sample comprising 82,890 individuals was 22% (95% CI: 18-28%), and that of insomnia symptoms in three articles with a sample population of 745 was 57% (95% CI: 48-66%.
conclusionsThe accumulative evidence reveals that adults in Spain suffered higher prevalence rates of mental symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis, with a significantly higher rate relative to other countries such as China. Our synthesis also reveals a relative lack of studies on frontline and general HCWs in Spain.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.