ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Differential Effects of Platelet Factor 4 (CXCL4) and Its Non-Allelic Variant (CXCL4L1) on Cultured Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammation in atherosclerosis: Drivers, mechanisms and therapies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Glucolipid Metabolic Disorders andInternational journal of endocrinology · 2026Review
- Interferon receptor gene dosage differentially regulates hypoxia-induced platelet activation and pulmonary hypertension in down syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Platelets in Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Disease: Pathogenesis, Inflammation, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nbeal2 knockout mice are not protected against hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Insight into the Mechanistic role of Colchicine in Atherosclerosis.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- PF4 inhibits ferroptosis-mediated intracerebral hemorrhage through modulating the CXCR3/AKT1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Platelet Factor 4: A Mysterious Chemokine in Inflammatory Regulation Diseases.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Research progress on the regulation of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases by chemokines.Open life sciences · 2025Review
- Data-independent LC-MS/MS analysis of ME/CFS plasma reveals a dysregulated coagulation system, endothelial dysfunction, downregulation of complement machinery.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Role ofBiomedicines · 2024Review
- Platelet-Derived Exosomes in Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (CXCL4) is a chemokine abundantly stored in platelets. Upon injury and during atherosclerosis, CXCL4 is transported through the vessel wall where it modulates the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by affecting proliferation, migration, gene expression and cytokine release. Variant CXCL4L1 is distinct from CXCL4 in function and expression pattern, despite a minor three-amino acid difference. Here, the effects of CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 on the phenotype and function of human VSMCs were compared in vitro. VSMCs were found to constitutively express CXCL4L1 and only exogenously added CXCL4 was internalized by VSMCs. Pre-treatment with heparin completely blocked CXCL4 uptake. A role of the putative CXCL4 receptors CXCR3 and DARC in endocytosis was excluded, but LDL receptor family members appeared to be involved in the uptake of CXCL4. Incubation of VSMCs with both CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 resulted in decreased expression of contractile marker genes and increased mRNA levels of KLF4 and NLRP3 transcription factors, yet only CXCL4 stimulated proliferation and calcification of VSMCs. In conclusion, CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 both modulate gene expression, yet only CXCL4 increases the division rate and formation of calcium-phosphate crystals in VSMCs. CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 may play distinct roles during vascular remodeling in which CXCL4 induces proliferation and calcification while endogenously expressed CXCL4L1 governs cellular homeostasis. The latter notion remains a subject for future investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.