Heat to Hydrogen by RED-Reviewing Membranes and Salts for the RED Heat Engine Concept.

Pauline Zimmermann, Simon Birger Byremo Solberg, Önder Tekinalp, Jacob Joseph Lamb, Øivind Wilhelmsen, Liyuan Deng, Odne Stokke Burheim

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In one paragraph

Review in Membranes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

2citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

Experimental Performances of Titanium Redox Electrodes as the Substitutes for the Ruthenium-Iridium Coated Electrodes Used in the Reverse Electrodialysis Cells for Hydrogen Production.Membranes · 2026
Article
Enhancing Palladium Recovery Rates in Industrial Residual Solutions through Electrodialysis.Membranes · 2023
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Pauline ZimmermannDepartment of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Simon Birger Byremo SolbergDepartment of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Önder TekinalpDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Jacob Joseph LambDepartment of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-1019-6655

Øivind WilhelmsenDepartment of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Liyuan DengDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-4785-4620

Odne Stokke BurheimDepartment of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Funding

Norwegian Research Centre 294543

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Reverse electrodialysis heat engine (REDHE) combines a reverse electrodialysis stack for power generation with a thermal regeneration unit to restore the concentration difference of the salt solutions. Current approaches for converting low-temperature waste heat to electricity with REDHE have not yielded conversion efficiencies and profits that would allow for the industrialization of the technology. This review explores the concept of Heat-to-Hydrogen with REDHEs and maps crucial developments toward industrialization. We discuss current advances in membrane development that are vital for the breakthrough of the RED Heat Engine. In addition, the choice of salt is a crucial factor that has not received enough attention in the field. Based on ion properties relevant for both the transport through IEMs and the feasibility for regeneration, we pinpoint the most promising salts for use in REDHE, which we find to be KNO

Indexed as

closed loopheat enginehydrogen productionion-exchange membranespower production cyclereverse electrodialysiswaste heat utilization

Identifiers

PMID35054575

DOI10.3390/membranes12010048

PMCPMC8779139

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.