ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related-Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05736939 (Gender Differences in the Recovery Rate Following a Hybrid Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme in Patients With Long COVID-19 Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 194 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gender Differences in the Recovery Rate Following a Hybrid Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme in Patients With Long COVID-19 Syndrome
Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 319 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of cardiovascular symptoms in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Epigenetic changes in patients with post-acute COVID-19 symptoms (PACS) and long-COVID: A systematic review.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence and burden of long COVID in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Long COVID Optimal Health Programme to Enhance Mental and Physical Health: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Trial
- Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety After COVID-19 Despite Systematic Telemedical Care: Results From the Prospective COVID-SMART Study.Depression and anxiety · 2025Trial
- Factors affecting exercise performance at the 6-min walk test in long-COVID: a multicenter study from Italy.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Long COVID and Its Impact on Daily Functioning: Findings from the Si-Panda Behavioural Insights Survey in Slovenia.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2026Article
- Symptom Trajectories and Long-Term Sequelae of COVID-19: A Matched Case-Control Study with Population-Based Controls.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in Nutritional Status and Olfaction in Association with Cognitive Impairment Amongst Older Adults with Long COVID Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Lung Function Impairment after Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Previously Healthy Individuals.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Article
- Distribution of pulmonary ventilation in women with post-COVID-19 before and after the use of a respiratory incentive device (UBICU): a pilot study.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Article
- Pulmonary sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review of long-term functional, radiological, and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 survivors, with a regional focus on Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- COVID-19 symptom duration: evidence from a survey of infected workers in Tokyo.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- German nationwide inpatient data on the post-COVID-19 syndrome: an update.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- A countrywide study on post-COVID-19 condition in Brazil: the Epicovid 2.0.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Hope of success and fear of failure in post-COVID patients.Health psychology report · 2026Article
- Long COVID and gut microbiome: insights into pathogenesis and therapeutics.Gut microbes · 2025Review
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This multicenter cohort study investigated the differences between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related symptoms and post-COVID symptoms between male and female COVID-19 survivors. Clinical and hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records in a sample of individuals recovered from COVID-19 at five public hospitals in Spain. A predefined list of post-COVID symptoms was systematically assessed, but patients were free to report any symptom. Anxiety/depressive levels and sleep quality were also assessed. Adjusted multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the association of sex with post-COVID related-symptoms. A total of 1969 individuals (age: 61, SD: 16 years, 46.4% women) were assessed 8.4 months after discharge. No overall significant sex differences in COVID-19 onset symptoms at hospital admission were found. Post-COVID symptoms were present in up to 60% of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors eight months after the infection. The number of post-COVID symptoms was 2.25 for females and 1.5 for males. After adjusting by all variables, female sex was associated with ≥3 post-COVID symptoms (adj OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.671-3.865,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.