ArticleBrain sciences2021
Cognitive Training with Neurofeedback Using NIRS Improved Cognitive Functions in Young Adults: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uncorking the limitation-improving dual tasking using transcranial electrical stimulation and task training in the elderly: a systematic review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Cognitive Training with Neurofeedback Using fNIRS Improves Cognitive Function in Older Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Task-Based EEG Neurofeedback Enhances Training Effects in Dynamic Visual Search.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- Response Inhibition in Autistic Adults: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study in Virtual Reality.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Promoting cognitive health through the nexus of gut microbiota and dietary phytochemicals.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The emergent property of inhibitory control: implications of intermittent network-based fNIRS neurofeedback training.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Efficacy of neurofeedback training for improving attentional performance in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Interest of neurofeedback training for cognitive performance and risk of brain disorders in the military context.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Review
- Construction and evaluation of a neurofeedback system using finger tapping and near-infrared spectroscopy.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2024Article
- The Effect of Cognitive Training with Neurofeedback on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Association between upper limb movements during drumming and cognition in older adults with cognitive impairment and dementia at a nursing home: a pilot study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2023Article
- The Effect of Music-Based Intervention on General Cognitive and Executive Functions, and Episodic Memory in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recent Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Auditory Cognitive Training Improves Brain Plasticity in Healthy Older Adults: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Effects of sulforaphane intake on processing speed and negative moods in healthy older adults: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Advancements in Imaging Technologies and AI Integration for Neurodegenerative Disease Management: A Narrative Review.Molecular imagingReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
(1) Background: A previous study has shown that cognitive training with neurofeedback (CT-NF) using down-regulation improves cognitive functions in young adults. Neurofeedback has two strategies for manipulating brain activity (down-regulation and upregulation). However, the benefit of CT-NF with the upregulation of cognitive functions is still unknown. In this study, we investigated whether the upregulation of CT-NF improves a wide range of cognitive functions compared to cognitive training alone. (2) Methods: In this double-blinded randomized control trial (RCT), 60 young adults were randomly assigned to one of three groups: CT-NF group, CT alone group, and an active control (ACT) group who played a puzzle game. Participants in the three groups used the same device (tablet PC and 2ch NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy)) and performed the training game for 20 min every day for four weeks. We measured brain activity during training in all groups, but only CT-NFs received NF. We also measured a wide range of cognitive functions before and after the intervention period. (3) Results: The CT-NF groups showed superior beneficial effects on episodic memory, working memory, and attention compared to the CT alone and ACT groups. In addition, the CT-NF group showed an increase in brain activity during CT, which was associated with improvements in cognitive function. (4) Discussion: This study first demonstrated that the CT-NF using the upregulation strategy has beneficial effects on cognitive functions compared to the CT alone. Our results suggest that greater brain activities during CT would enhance a benefit from CT.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.