ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Orthopedic Effects of Electronic Cigarettes: A Systematic Review and Pediatric Case Series.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of non-tobacco nicotine on bone healing: a systematic review and application to total joint arthroplasty.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Pooled it
- Non-tobacco nicotine dependence is associated with increased complications following clavicle open reduction internal fixation.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- Non-tobacco nicotine dependence and incidence of pseudarthrosis and other postoperative complications in lumbar fusion surgery: a retrospective analysis.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Article
- Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Exposure in Osteoarthritis: Immune Dysregulation and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Multisystem Toxicity of E-Cigarettes in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Pathophysiologic Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposures from Head to Toe.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2026Review
- Non-tobacco nicotine dependence increases risk of complications following lumbar spine decompression and fusion.North American Spine Society journal · 2025Article
- Nicotine, tobacco smoking, and pain in orthopedic trauma settings: a conceptual framework for practice and research.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Review
- The rate of smoking in patients who have suffered from ACLR graft rupture.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Smokers Achieved Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Visual Analog Scale and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Scores at a Lower Rate Than Nonsmokers Even When Repaired Supraspinatus Tendons Were Intact on Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Advances in Pediatric Fracture Diagnosis and Treatment Are Numerous but Great Challenges Remain.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pediatric Fractures Are Challenging from Head to Toe.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (EC) use is highly prevalent, especially in the adolescent population, where 29% of Canadian adolescents have used an EC in the past thirty days per national surveys. Our pediatric orthopedic referral centre observed a cluster of delayed unions of bone fractures in adolescents using ECs and present the case series here. We then asked whether electronic cigarettes impair bone healing or influence orthopedic outcomes. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was carried out, which revealed no human clinical studies and a general paucity of evidence around ECs and musculoskeletal health. The existing experimental evidence relevant to orthopedics is summarized. The effect of ECs on the musculoskeletal system is poorly understood and is a target for further research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.