ArticleCells2022
Treadmill Exercise Prevents Decline in Spatial Learning and Memory in 3×Tg-AD Mice through Enhancement of Structural Synaptic Plasticity of the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05985096 (The Effects of Virtual Reality Education on Balance, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Parameters in Healthy Young Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Virtual Reality Education on Balance, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Parameters in Healthy Young Individuals
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of exercise of different intensities on withdrawal symptoms among people with substance use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of exercise on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease models: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Exercise and Productive Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Stroke: From Niche Remodeling to Cognitive Recovery.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Exercise and fluoxetine in Alzheimer's disease: Molecular mechanisms of synergistic and antagonistic effects (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Forced treadmill running and ladder climbing physical activity attenuates cognitive decline and protein aggregates in aged 3xTg-AD mice.Molecular brain · 2026Article
- Circular RNAScience advances · 2026Article
- Synaptic Plasticity in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Impact of Exercise as Promising Therapeutic Tool.Cells · 2026Review
- Exercise and neural circuit stability in early Alzheimer's disease: evidence across memory, executive, cholinergic, and circadian systems.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Integrated Aerobic Exercise and Multisensory Environment Training for Age-related Cognitive Decline via Hippocampal-prefrontal Neural Circuit Modulation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Ameliorative Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Methylphenidate Against Tramadol-Induced Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Hippocampal Oxidative Stress.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Exercise-Induced Hippocampal Neurogenesis Is Attenuated by Inhibition of Monocarboxylate Transporter 2.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells drive neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Insights from the FADJournal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Article
- Lactate links exercise to synaptic protection and cognitive enhancement in Alzheimer's disease models.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Amelioration of Chronic Ethanol Administration-Induced Learning and Memory Impairments by High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Ritalin.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Pterostilbene: A natural neuroprotective stilbene with anti-Alzheimer's disease properties.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Aerobic exercise training improves learning and memory performance in hypoxic-exposed rats by activating the hippocampal PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.BMC neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Non-pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an update.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Exercise as a multitarget therapy: modulating myokines, neurotrophins, and inflammation in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Mapping the scientific research on exercise therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a scientometric study of hotspots and emerging trends.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deficits in learning and memory. A pathological feature of AD is the alterations in the number and size of synapses, axon length, dendritic complexity, and dendritic spine numbers in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Treadmill exercise can enhance synaptic plasticity in mouse or rat models of stroke, ischemia, and dementia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of treadmill exercise on learning and memory, and structural synaptic plasticity in 3×Tg-AD mice, a mouse model of AD. Here, we show that 12 weeks treadmill exercise beginning in three-month-old mice improves spatial working memory in six-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice, while non-exercise six-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice exhibited impaired spatial working memory. To investigate potential mechanisms for the treadmill exercise-induced improvement of spatial learning and memory, we examined structural synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of six-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice that had undergone 12 weeks of treadmill exercise. We found that treadmill exercise led to increases in synapse numbers, synaptic structural parameters, the expression of synaptophysin (Syn, a presynaptic marker), the axon length, dendritic complexity, and the number of dendritic spines in 3×Tg-AD mice and restored these parameters to similar levels of non-Tg control mice without treadmill exercise. In addition, treadmill exercise also improved these parameters in non-Tg control mice. Strengthening structural synaptic plasticity may represent a potential mechanism by which treadmill exercise prevents decline in spatial learning and memory and synapse loss in 3×Tg-AD mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.