ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Revisiting Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanistic Foundations to Evolutionary Outlook.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Improving antibiotic utilization in West Africa: enhancing interventions through systematic review and evidence synthesis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Pooled it
- Omadacycline for treatment of acute bacterial infections: a meta-analysis of phase II/III trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Molecular and environmental drivers of antimicrobial resistance: global epidemiology, resistome dynamics, and one health strategies.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales and its associated factors among hospital and non-hospital janitors at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Mechanisms and Resistance: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assessing the Ecological Roles of Resistomes within Microbial Communities in Antibiotic-contaminated Ecosystems.Microbial ecology · 2026Review
- A Fitness Burden Drives the Reversion of in vitro Acquired Doxycycline Resistance inInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Article
- Antibacterial Immunotherapy: Mechanistic Insights, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and Clinical Translation.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Antibiotic resistance inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Structural design of porous organic polymers to mitigate π-stacking-induced quenching in porphyrin/phthalocyanine photosensitizers for enhanced antibacterial activity.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Insights on Zosteric Acid Analogues Activity Against Candida albicans Biofilm Formation.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Fighting Antibiotic Resistance: Insights Into Human Barriers and New Opportunities: Antibiotic Resistance Constantly Rises With the Development of Human Activities. We discuss Barriers and Opportunities to Get It Under Control.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Antibiotic resistance and preventive strategies in foodborne pathogenic bacteria: a comprehensive review.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- Breakpoint drift: a hidden confounder in antimicrobial resistance surveillance?Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Unlocking the power of antimicrobial peptides: advances in production, optimization, and therapeutics.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The gut microbiome as a major source of drug-resistant infections: emerging strategies to decolonize and target the gut reservoir.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The SOS Response Activation and the Risk of Antibiotic Resistance Enhancement inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotics are the pivotal pillar of contemporary healthcare and have contributed towards its advancement over the decades. Antibiotic resistance emerged as a critical warning to public wellbeing because of unsuccessful management efforts. Resistance is a natural adaptive tool that offers selection pressure to bacteria, and hence cannot be stopped entirely but rather be slowed down. Antibiotic resistance mutations mostly diminish bacterial reproductive fitness in an environment without antibiotics; however, a fraction of resistant populations 'accidentally' emerge as the fittest and thrive in a specific environmental condition, thus favouring the origin of a successful resistant clone. Therefore, despite the time-to-time amendment of treatment regimens, antibiotic resistance has evolved relentlessly. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), we are rapidly approaching a 'post-antibiotic' era. The knowledge gap about antibiotic resistance and room for progress is evident and unified combating strategies to mitigate the inadvertent trends of resistance seem to be lacking. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and evolutionary foundations of antibiotic resistance will be efficacious to implement policies to force-stop the emergence of resistant bacteria and treat already emerged ones. Prediction of possible evolutionary lineages of resistant bacteria could offer an unswerving impact in precision medicine. In this review, we will discuss the key molecular mechanisms of resistance development in clinical settings and their spontaneous evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.