ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Trends, Variation, and Factors Influencing Antibiotic Prescribing: A Longitudinal Study in Primary Care Using a Multilevel Modelling Approach.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic prescribing and antimicrobial resistance awareness among medical students in Lebanon using novel assessment scales.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between antibiotic exposure and childhood atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Prenatal maternal infections and early childhood developmental outcomes: analysis of linked administrative health data for Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Prescribing Patterns in GP Practices in Northern Ireland.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Linking epidemiological and genomic data in cases of enteric fever in England to inform clinical management and public health action.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Primary Care Antibiotic Prescribing and Infection-Related Hospitalisation.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Clinical Uncertainty Influences Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: A Qualitative Study of Township Hospital Physicians and Village Doctors in Rural Shandong Province, China.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the greatest threats to global health. Over 80% of antibiotics are prescribed in primary care, with many prescriptions considered to be issued inappropriately. The aim of this study was to examine the association between prescribing rates and demographic, practice, geographic, and socioeconomic characteristics using a multilevel modelling approach. Antibiotic prescribing data by 320 GP surgeries in Northern Ireland were obtained from Business Services Organisation for the years 2014-2020. A linear mixed-effects model was used to identify factors influencing antibiotic prescribing rates. Overall, the number of antibacterial prescriptions decreased by 26.2%, from 1,564,707 items in 2014 to 1,155,323 items in 2020. Lower levels of antibiotic prescribing were associated with urban practices (
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