ReviewBiomedicines2021
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Pulmonary Bacterial Colonisation in Stable State Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sputum colour charts to guide antibiotic self-treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Colour-COPD RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Trial
- Inhaled Targeted Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for COPD: Precision Solutions to Clinical Barriers.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Increased HLA-DR Expression on M2a Monocytes and Helper T Cells in Patients with COPD and Asthma-COPD Overlap Contributes to Disease Severity via Apoptosis and ROS.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Targeting Non-Eosinophilic Immunological Pathways in COPD and AECOPD: Current Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Review
- Recreating chronic respiratory infectionsEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Article
- Time to re-set our thinking about airways disease: lessons from history, the resurgence of chronic bronchitis / PBB and modern concepts in microbiology.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Investigation of the Prevalence of Oral Mucositis and Associated Risk Factors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.Thoracic research and practice · 2023Article
- Associated Factors of Pneumonia in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Apart from the Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Bacterial Species and Inflammatory Cell Variability in Respiratory Tracts of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation: A Multicentric Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Present and Future.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The Impact of Chronic Bronchial Infection in COPD: A Proposal for Management.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Review
- Stepwise management of COPD: What is next after bronchodilation?Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHalf of acute exacerbations of COPD are due to bacterial infection, and the other half are likely influenced by microbial colonisation. The same organisms commonly cultured during acute exacerbations are often found in the sputum of patients during stability. A robust assessment of the prevalence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) in the sputum of stable COPD patients may help to inform the targeted prevention of exacerbation by these organisms.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to determine the prevalence of PPMs in patients with COPD in the stable state. Meta-analysis of prevalence was carried out using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation random effects model, and sub-group analysis was performed for sputum modality. Prevalence of total and individual PPMs was calculated from patient-level data from individual studies.
resultsPooled prevalence of PPMs identified by sputum culture was found to be 41% (95% CI 36-47%). Significant heterogeneity was found across all studies, which can likely be attributed to inconsistent measuring and reporting of PPMs. The most commonly reported organisms were
conclusionThe airways of patients with COPD are colonised with PPMs during the stable state in almost half of patients. A complex relationship likely exists between the microbiome in the stable state and the phenotype of COPD patients. Targeted microbial therapy for preventing exacerbations of COPD should carefully consider the stable microbiome as well as the exacerbated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.