ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Severe Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Damage in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19: Implications for GlyNAC (Glycine and
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of reduced glutathione levels with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Therapeutic Effects of Slow Deep Breathing on Cardiopulmonary Function, Physical Performance, Biochemical Parameters, and Stress in Older Adult Patients with Long COVID in Phayao, Thailand.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2025Trial
- Neutrophil NADPH oxidase breaks the inflammatory IL-1β/IL-17A circuit to enhance pathogen clearance during respiratory virus infections.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Time-Dependent and Brain-Region-Specific Alterations in Ferroptosis Markers: A Preliminary Study in K18-hACE2 Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Functional and transcriptional responses of chicken macrophages to hypoxia.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Hepatic Metabolic Dysregulation as a Potential Amplifier of Leukemogenesis Following mRNA Vaccination: A Novel Mechanistic Hypothesis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Relationship between oxidative stress and COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress and Biomarkers in Craniofacial Fractures Healing: From Lipid Peroxidation to Antioxidant Therapies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of Vitamin D Supplementation with Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity, Interleukine-6 (IL-6) Levels, and Anxiety and Depression Scores in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Investigation of Antioxidant Enzymes (GST, GSH, R-GSSG) in Erythrocytes of COVID-19 Patients: A One-Month Observation.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Stable Nitroxide as Diagnostic Tools for Monitoring of Oxidative Stress and Hypoalbuminemia in the Context of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Melatonin: a ferroptosis inhibitor with potential therapeutic efficacy for the post-COVID-19 trajectory of accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Glutathione Therapy in Diseases: Challenges and Potential Solutions for Therapeutic Advancement.Current molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Impact of a tailored exercise regimen on physical capacity and plasma proteome profile in post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Redox Biomarkers - An Effective Tool for Diagnosing COVID-19 Patients and Convalescents.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Dual action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in virus-induced cell Injury.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humanity is battling a respiratory pandemic pneumonia named COVID-19 which has resulted in millions of hospitalizations and deaths. COVID-19 exacerbations occur in waves that continually challenge healthcare systems globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand all mechanisms by which COVID-19 results in health deterioration to facilitate the development of protective strategies. Oxidative stress (OxS) is a harmful condition caused by excess reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and is normally neutralized by antioxidants among which Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant. GSH deficiency results in amplified OxS due to compromised antioxidant defenses. Because little is known about GSH or OxS in COVID-19 infection, we measured GSH, TBARS (a marker of OxS) and F2-isoprostane (marker of oxidant damage) concentrations in 60 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Compared to uninfected controls, COVID-19 patients of all age groups had severe GSH deficiency, increased OxS and elevated oxidant damage which worsened with advancing age. These defects were also present in younger age groups, where they do not normally occur. Because GlyNAC (combination of glycine and
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.