ArticleNature medicine2022
Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants following heterologous CoronaVac plus BNT162b2 booster vaccination.
Article in Nature medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 267 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
267 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 412 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis on the Immunogenicity of Homologous versus Heterologous Immunization Regimens against SARS-CoV-2 Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 VoCs in Healthy Adults.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Antibody titers of individuals vaccinated for COVID-19: A systematic review.Journal of biosciences · 2023Pooled it
- Booster COVID-19 vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Heterologous RBMRNA-405 mRNA booster enhances humoral immunity post-inactivated COVID-19 vaccination: a randomized clinical trial in adults and older through 12 months.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Neutralizing antibodies induced by homologous and heterologous boosters in CoronaVac vaccines in Chile.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Immunogenicity of a Third Dose of BNT162b2 to Ancestral Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and the Omicron Variant in Adults Who Received 2 Doses of Inactivated Vaccine.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy of heterologous boosting against SARS-CoV-2 using a recombinant interferon-armed fusion protein vaccine (V-01): a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled phase III trial.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac, ChAdox1 nCov-19 and BNT162b2 plus BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 heterologous scheme with SOBERANA 02 and SOBERANA Plus vaccines: Phase IIb clinical trial in adults.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Trial
- Structural and functional characterization of a conserved cryptic epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 subunit.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Antibody Transcytosis and Neutralizing Activity in Respiratory Epithelial Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Surrogate virus neutralization test as a scalable and reliable tool for immune surveillance in booster-vaccinated populations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Homologous MVA and heterologous DREP/MVA vaccine regimens induce robust and durable immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Self-amplifying COVID-19 mRNA vaccination induces longitudinally enhanced antibody function in a Phase 3 trial.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Antibody Dynamics Following SARS-CoV-2 Viral-Vectored and mRNA Booster Vaccination in Ghanaian Adults.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies for high-risk populations: potential and challenges of combining heterologous boosting with respiratory mucosal delivery.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate encoding RBD chimera of Delta and Omicron variants: immunogenic potential and validation.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Mucosal vaccination with long-form TSLP induces migratory cDC1-mediated adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
207 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is raising concerns because of its increased transmissibility and its numerous spike mutations, which have the potential to evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by COVID-19 vaccines. Here we evaluated the effects of a heterologous BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine booster on the humoral immunity of participants who had received a two-dose regimen of CoronaVac, an inactivated vaccine used globally. We found that a heterologous CoronaVac prime vaccination of two doses followed by a BNT162b2 booster induces elevated virus-specific antibody levels and potent neutralization activity against the ancestral virus and the Delta variant, resembling the titers obtained after two doses of mRNA vaccines. Although neutralization of Omicron was undetectable in participants who had received a two-dose regimen of CoronaVac, the BNT162b2 booster resulted in a 1.4-fold increase in neutralization activity against Omicron compared with the two-dose mRNA vaccine. Despite this increase, neutralizing antibody titers were reduced by 7.1-fold and 3.6-fold for Omicron compared with the ancestral strain and the Delta variant, respectively. These findings have immediate implications for multiple countries that previously used a CoronaVac regimen and reinforce the idea that the Omicron variant is associated with immune escape from vaccines or infection-induced immunity, highlighting the global need for vaccine boosters to combat the impact of emerging variants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.