ArticleBrain stimulation
Large-scale EEG neural network changes in response to therapeutic TMS.
Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct features of EEG microstates in autism spectrum disorder revealed by meta-analysis: the contribution of individual age to heterogeneity across studies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of different modalities of transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating Parkinson's disease with depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Immediate and long-term effects of orbitofrontal cortex stimulation on EEG microstates in schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Therapeutic deep brain stimulation targeting BNST-NAc circuit driven large-scale brain networks in treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Frequency-decomposed EEG microstate analysis reveals altered cross-frequency coordination in adolescent major depressive disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Benefits and Adverse Effects in Patients with Depression: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Core Symptoms of Chronic Primary Pain: A Meta-Analysis of RCTs.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Analysis of electroencephalogram microstates and spectral power in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Disrupted brain network dynamics and cognitive dysfunction in drug-naive major depressive disorder: an EEG microstate study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Phase-dependent stimulation response is shaped by the brain's dynamic functional connectivity.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- EEG Microstate Alterations in Anhedonia Subtypes of Major Depressive Disorder and Their Modulation by Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- EEG Biomarkers for a Precision-Medicine Approach to Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder.Research square · 2025Article
- EEG Microstates Signatures of rTMS Response Over the lDLPFC: A Band-Specific Analysis.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Enhancing prefrontal modulation by phase-locking intermittent theta burst stimulation to a concurrent transcranial alternating current stimulation.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Multiple patterns of EEG parameters and their role in the prediction of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Real-time TMS-EEG for brain state-controlled research and precision treatment: a narrative review and guide.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Review
- Assessment of rTMS treatment effects for methamphetamine addiction based on EEG functional connectivity.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2024Article
- Open access EEG dataset of repeated measurements from a single subject for microstate analysis.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Abnormalities of electroencephalography microstates in patients with depression and their association with cognitive function.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- EEG microstates analysis after TMS in patients with subacute stroke during the resting state.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective therapy for patients with treatment-resistant depression. TMS likely induces functional connectivity changes in aberrant circuits implicated in depression. Electroencephalography (EEG) "microstates" are topographies hypothesized to represent large-scale resting networks. Canonical microstates have recently been proposed as markers for major depressive disorder (MDD), but it is not known if or how they change following TMS.
methodsResting EEG was obtained from 49 MDD patients at baseline and following six weeks of daily TMS. Polarity-insensitive modified k-means clustering was used to segment EEGs into constituent microstates. Microstates were localized via sLORETA. Repeated-measures mixed models tested for within-subject differences over time and t-tests compared microstate features between TMS responder and non-responder groups.
resultsSix microstates (MS-1 - MS-6) were identified from all available EEG data. Clinical response to TMS was associated with increases in features of MS-2, along with decreased metrics of MS-3. Nonresponders showed no significant changes in any microstate. Change in occurrence and coverage of both MS-2 (increased) and MS-3 (decreased) correlated with symptom change magnitude over the course of TMS treatment.
conclusionsWe identified EEG microstates associated with clinical improvement following a course of TMS therapy. Results suggest selective modulation of resting networks observable by EEG, which is inexpensive and easily acquired in the clinic setting.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.