ArticleToxics2022
The Use of E-Cigarettes among High School Students in Poland Is Associated with Health Locus of Control but Not with Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Toxics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global prevalence of E-cigarette use among students: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The power of powerful others: health locus of control and vaccination behavior in rural Namibian pastoralists.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Systematic Review of Health Literacy and Health Behavior in Adolescents Research.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assessment of the prevalence, knowledge, and perceptions of e-cigarette use among the Palestinian community: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nicotine consumption in Poland: from traditional cigarettes to modern products - a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Traditional Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Poland: Analysis of Sociodemographic Risk Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Article
- The association between health literacy and e-cigarette use: evidence from Zhejiang, China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Since their introduction, the use of electronic cigarettes has increased considerably in the population and among adolescents. Determinants of smoking conventional cigarettes were thoroughly studied in various social groups. However, we know less about the predictors of the use of e-cigarettes in younger generations. The main aim of this study was the assessment of the factors associated with the use of electronic cigarettes among high school students. Specifically, the roles of health literacy (HL) and health locus of control (HLC) were addressed. The analysis was based on the data from a 'pen-and-pencil' survey performed in a large sample of 2223 high school students from southern Poland. The tools used in the survey encompassed 133 items, including a 47-item European Health Literacy Survey questionnaire, an 18-item Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and a set of questions asking about the health behaviors, and sociodemographic and economic characteristics of respondents. In the study sample, 47.5% of the respondents had used e-cigarettes in the past, and 18.6% had used them in the last month. HL was not significantly associated with dependent variables reflecting the use of e-cigarettes. Two types of external HLC were associated with using e-cigarettes in the past, and 'Chance' HLC (CHLC) was also associated with their use in the last month. Males, students of schools providing vocational training, and students declaring more Internet use during the week showed a higher likelihood of ever using e-cigarettes or using them in the last month. Students smoking conventional cigarettes were also more prone to use e-cigarettes. To sum up, it was an unexpected result that HL is not associated with the use of e-cigarettes. A greater likelihood of using e-cigarettes was positively associated with higher CHLC scores, as in the case of smoking traditional cigarettes.
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