ArticleToxins2021
Anatomical Injection Guidelines for Glabellar Frown Lines Based on Ultrasonographic Evaluation.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Dynamic Evaluation of Glabellar Area Muscles Movement and Skin Displacement Using 3D Skin Displacement Vector Analysis.Annals of dermatology · 2025Article
- Moose Technique: A New Anatomical Perspective Treatment in Botulinum Toxin.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Integrating motion capture technology and intraoral ultrasonography for 3D anatomical analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Overlooked Sad Face Expression: Understanding the Omega Sign in Botulinum Toxin Treatment.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Forehead Soft-Tissue Thickness: An Ultrasound Study.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
- Article
- Integrative Assessment for Optimizing Aesthetic Outcomes When Treating Glabellar Lines With Botulinum Toxin Type A: An Appreciation of the Role of the Frontalis.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2023Review
- Analysis of facial ultrasonography images based on deep learning.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is injected to treat glabellar frown lines, the corrugator supercilia muscle (CSM) and procerus muscles are the main targets. Although there have been many studies on the treatment of glabellar frown lines, no study has confirmed the dynamic movement under ultrasonography (US). This study examined and evaluated dynamic muscle movements under US, thereby providing more effective BoNT injection guidelines for glabellar frowning. Glabellar frowning was categorized as either Type A or B. Type A is the general frowning pattern in which vertical wrinkles are made by contracting the CSM and procerus muscles (81%,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.