ReviewToxins2021
Uremic Toxins and Protein-Bound Therapeutics in AKI and CKD: Up-to-Date Evidence.
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07182422 (Impact of Kremezin on Renal Recovery and Uremic Toxin Levels in Patients With Acute Kidney Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Kremezin on Renal Recovery and Uremic Toxin Levels in Patients With Acute Kidney Disease
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of New Nursing Team Management Mode on Self-Efficacy, Compliance, and Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Chain Mediating Effect.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2022Trial
- The gut-kidney axis in pediatric acute kidney injury: a review of pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic frontiers.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Article
- Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion and Uremic Toxins Modulate the Aortic Adenosinergic Axis in Acute Kidney Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolomics analysis in murine prerenal azotemia reveals changes in energy substrates, amino acid metabolism, and uremic toxins.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- Transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Plant-Based Proteins and Renal Protection in Acute Kidney Injury: Nutritional and Metabolic Perspectives.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Gut Dysbiosis and Probiotic Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Fecal Calprotectin as a Prognostic Biomarker for Mortality and Renal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Bupropion decreases plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and ameliorates renal injury by modulation of Ddah1, Oatp4c1, Oct2, and Mate1 in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal injury.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive clinical and metabolomics profiling of COVID-19 Mexican patients across three epidemiological waves.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Improvement of Adsorption Capacity by Refined Encapsulating Method of Activated Carbon into the Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gels for Oral Absorbent.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Senescence and Kidney Fibrosis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The Potential Influence of Uremic Toxins on the Homeostasis of Bones and Muscles in Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Adsorption- and Displacement-Based Approaches for the Removal of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins.Toxins · 2023Review
- Progress and Challenges of Understanding Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Baicalin Alleviates Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Through ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pathway-Mediated Proptosis in vitro.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of AST-120 and probiotics (Science progressObservational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Uremic toxins are defined as harmful metabolites that accumulate in the human body of patients whose renal function declines, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Growing evidence demonstrates the deteriorating effect of uremic toxins on CKD progression and CKD-related complications, and removing uremic toxins in CKD has become the conventional treatment in the clinic. However, studies rarely pay attention to uremic toxin clearance in the early stage of acute kidney injury (AKI) to prevent progression to CKD despite increasing reports demonstrating that uremic toxins are correlated with the severity of injury or mortality. This review highlights the current evidence of uremic toxin accumulation in AKI and the therapeutic value to prevent CKD progression specific to protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.