Nociceptive Intra-epidermal Electric Stimulation Evokes Steady-State Responses in the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex.

Boudewijn van den Berg, Mana Manoochehri, Alfred C Schouten, Frans C T van der Helm, Jan R Buitenweg

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Article in Brain topography, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 authors.

Boudewijn van den BergBiomedical Signals and Systems, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands. b.van.den.berg@utwente.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-3901-2645

Mana ManoochehriBiomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3149-6726

Alfred C SchoutenBiomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.

Frans C T van der HelmBiomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2531-3981

Jan R BuitenwegBiomedical Signals and Systems, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Funding

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent studies have established the presence of nociceptive steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPs), generated in response to thermal or intra-epidermal electric stimuli. This study explores cortical sources and generation mechanisms of nociceptive SSEPs in response to intra-epidermal electric stimuli. Our method was to stimulate healthy volunteers (n = 22, all men) with 100 intra-epidermal pulse sequences. Each sequence had a duration of 8.5 s, and consisted of pulses with a pulse rate between 20 and 200 Hz, which was frequency modulated with a multisine waveform of 3, 7 and 13 Hz (n = 10, 1 excluded) or 3 and 7 Hz (n = 12, 1 excluded). As a result, evoked potentials in response to stimulation onset and contralateral SSEPs at 3 and 7 Hz were observed. The SSEPs at 3 and 7 Hz had an average time delay of 137 ms and 143 ms respectively. The evoked potential in response to stimulation onset had a contralateral minimum (N1) at 115 ms and a central maximum (P2) at 300 ms. Sources for the multisine SSEP at 3 and 7 Hz were found through beamforming near the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex. Sources for the N1 were found near the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex. Sources for the N2-P2 were found near the supplementary motor area. Harmonic and intermodulation frequencies in the SSEP power spectrum remained below a detectable level and no evidence for nonlinearity of nociceptive processing, i.e. processing of peripheral firing rate into cortical evoked potentials, was found.

Indexed as

NociceptionSomatosensory CortexElectric StimulationEvoked PotentialsHumansMaleBeamformingEvoked potentialsIntra-epidermal stimulationNociceptive processingSource localizationSteady-state evoked potentials

Identifiers

PMID35050427

DOI10.1007/s10548-022-00888-y

PMCPMC8860817

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