ArticleJournal of cardiovascular development and disease2021
The Influence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Hypogonadism on Cardiac Outcomes in an Aging Population of Beta-Thalassemia Patients.
Article in Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in transfusion-dependent thalassemia: A large cross-sectional cardiovascular magnetic resonance study.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2026Article
- Thalassemia-Associated mixed hypogonadism (TAMH): unraveling a unique endocrine pattern and its impact on cardiovascular risk.Endocrine · 2025Observational
- Global Myocardial Wall Thickness in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia: A Cross-Sectional MRI Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Dilated and Non-Dilated Left Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia: Data from a National, Multicenter, Observational Registry.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Deep learning models for predicting heart disease risk using the UCI database: methods, performance, and clinical context.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2025Article
- Reproductive Health in Women with Major β-Thalassemia: Evaluating Ovarian Reserve and Endocrine Complications.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Correlation of Klotho Protein with Troponin-I as a Marker of Myocardial Damage in Iraqi Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients.Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Complications in patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Vascular Aging and Damage in Patients with Iron Metabolism Disorders.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- New Entity-Thalassemic Endocrine Disease: Major Beta-Thalassemia and Endocrine Involvement.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Gender Differences in Knowledge and Perception of Cardiovascular Disease among Italian Thalassemia Major Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Beta-thalassemia major (β-TM) is a hereditary genetic disease worsened by many comorbidities due to transfusion-related iron despite chelation therapy. Since there has recently been an increase in life expectancy of patients to up to 50 years old, which influences the prevalence of these diseases and the time span for traditional cardiovascular risk factors to play their role, this study aims to evaluate their distribution and prevalence in a population of thalassemia major patients and their relationship with observed cardiovascular events and potential modifying factors. One hundred and fifty-nine β-TM patients with at least 15 years of follow-up were included in this study. The mean age was 40.9 ± 8.4 years; 28% had diabetes mellitus and 62% had hypogonadism. The cardiovascular risk assessed using algorithms (CUORE and Pooled Cohort Risk Equation-PCRE) was low, but 3.8% of patients had at least one episode of heart failure, 35.9% showed early signs of heart failure, 22% received a diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction, and 21.4% showed supraventricular arrhythmias. Hypogonadism was shown to be related to the occurrence of cardiovascular events. The chronic accumulation of iron in the heart and the specific metabolic profile, mainly observed in patients with hypogonadism, allows us to define β-TM as a condition with a high level of cardiovascular risk from many points of view (iron-related myopathy, atherosclerosis and arrhythmias), which requires better stratification tools and a specific follow-up program.
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