ReviewMarine drugs2021
What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin?
Review in Marine drugs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shrimp Processing By-Product as Sustainable Resources for Biodegradable and Active Food Packaging Films: A Review.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- The Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Honeycomb-Structured Polylactic Acid/Astaxanthin@ZIF-8 Bio-Composite Film Applied in Beef Preservation.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic Synurins A-C: Chlorinated Naphthoquinone Pigments from the Freshwater AlgaJournal of natural products · 2026Article
- Effects of Astaxanthin as a Feed Additive on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota and Clinical Parameters in Preweaning Female Holstein Calves: A Preliminary Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Update on the Anti-cancer and Anti-microbial Potential of Marine Organisms Derived Natural Products.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Advances in natural colorants for functional confectionery; technological, sensory, and stability perspectives in chewing gum, hard candy, and toffee.Food chemistry: X · 2026Review
- Comprehensive molecular docking and antifungal activity analysis of Moringa extracts targeting Candida auris dihydrofolate reductase (8CRH).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The dual antifungal and antibiofilm activities of β-carotene against multidrug-resistant Candida albicans induce wound healing in a diabetic rat model: an in vitro and in vivo study.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Advances in biomanufacturing and recent biological applications of the fundamental bacterial carotenoids: a comprehensive review.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- In vitro and in vivo investigation of the antibacterial, antivirulence, and antiquorum sensing activities of β-carotene against difficult-to-treat resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Enhancing Fucoxanthin Pickering Emulsion Stability and Encapsulation with Seaweed Cellulose Nanofibrils Using High-Pressure Homogenization.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Metabolite Profiling and Antimicrobial Activities ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Carotenoids for Antiaging: Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical, and Cosmeceutical Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Seaweed in the Diet as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites and a Potential Natural Immunity Booster: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Kidney Injury by CClACS omega · 2025Article
- The legacy of endophytes for the formation of bioactive agents, pigments, biofertilizers, nanoparticles and bioremediation of environment.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of bee venom against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Enterococcus faecalis.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Carotenoid-based immune response in sea cucumbers relies on newly identified coelomocytes-the carotenocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Fucoxanthin Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Human Pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Unlocking the Green Gold: Exploring the Cancer Treatment and the Other Therapeutic Potential of Fucoxanthin Derivatives from Microalgae.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) and fucoxanthin (FUC) are natural xanthophylls, having multidirectional activity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Both compounds also show antimicrobial activity, which is presented in this review article. There are few papers that have presented the antimicrobial activity of AST. Obtained antimicrobial concentrations of AST (200-4000 µg/mL) are much higher than recommended by the European Food Safety Authority for consumption (2 mg daily). Therefore, we suggest that AST is unlikely to be of use in the clinical treatment of infections. Our knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of FUC is better and this compound acts against many bacteria already in low concentrations 10-250 µg/mL. Toxicological studies on animals present the safety of FUC application in doses 200 mg/kg body weight and higher. Taking available research into consideration, a clinical application of FUC as the antimicrobial substance is real and can be successful. However, this aspect requires further investigation. In this review, we also present potential mechanisms of antibacterial activity of carotenoids, to which AST and FUC belong.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.