ReviewBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2021
The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on European Students' Negative Emotional Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of stress and associated factors among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of the physical exercise intervention on negative emotions in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The influence of physical exercise on negative emotions in adolescents: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 and common mental health symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic: An umbrella review of the evidence.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among college and university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2022.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- A 14-week structured breathing program: an investigation into its impact on psychological health parameters in university students.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Tai Chi as a preventive intervention for improving mental and physical health in non-depressed college students with high perceived stress.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Predictors of Psychoactive and Nootropic Substance Use Among Romanian University Healthcare Students: The Interplay Between Academic Anxiety and Educational Advancement.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Digital and In-Person Mindfulness-Based Interventions for University Students' Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Postgraduate Students' Mental Well-Being: Exploring the Relationship Between Mental Well-Being, Perceived Stress, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Students at the University of Pristina-Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Stress, Anxiety, and Depression as Psychological Distress Among College and Undergraduate Students: A Scoping Review of Reviews Guided by the Socio-Ecological Model.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pandemic Fallout: Sustained Declines in Young People's Subjective Well-Being and Protective Factors in Switzerland.Social indicators research · 2025Article
- Social connections combat loneliness and promote wellbeing among college students coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- An examination of the relationship between negative emotions and family dynamics in individuals with internet addiction.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Resilience and mental health in university students post-COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the Republic of Cyprus.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Fairness, Trust, and Well-Being Among Young Adults: Evidence from 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Support from Social Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The effects of public health and social measures (PHSM) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of systematic reviews.Cochrane evidence synthesis and methods · 2024Review
- Emotional, coping factors and personality traits that influenced alcohol consumption in Romanian students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Considerable changes to higher education approaches, as a response to the global coronavirus pandemic, has increased the stress on university students. The impact of these changes has had an effect on the negative emotional symptoms being experienced, which can lead to more severe mental health issues. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress during the coronavirus lockdown. A systematic review of three electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline) was conducted, with 13 studies from different European countries reporting data on students and their negative emotional symptoms identified. The random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis on anxiety, depression and stress. The overall pooled prevalence rate was 55% (95% CI: 45-64%) for anxiety, 63% (95% CI: 52-73%) for depression and 62% (95% CI: 43-79%) for stress. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on negative emotional symptoms has been serious with studies reporting high prevalence rates for these. Isolation, reduced social contact, duration of quarantine and restrictions, which are the characteristics of a lockdown, played an important role in increased negative emotional symptoms for students. Countries have to be aware of this situation and develop mental support strategies to mitigate the impact.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.