ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2022
Oral Contraceptive Use in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Absolute Cancer Risks and Benefits.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contraceptives and cancer risks in BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2023Pooled it
- Hereditary cancer syndromes with gynecological cancer risk: focus on prevention strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Global burden of ovarian cancer attributable to high BMI, 1990-2021: spatiotemporal trends, risk factors, frontier analysis, and projections to 2036 based on GBD 2021 study.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- Ovarian cancer risk prediction: a clinical epidemiology perspective.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The risk of endocrine interventions in carriers of a genetic predisposition for breast and gynecologic cancers: recommendations of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Effects of Endocrine Interventions Targeting ERα or PR on Breast Cancer Risk in the General Population and Carriers ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- The mortalities of female-specific cancers in China and other countries with distinct socioeconomic statuses: A longitudinal study.Journal of advanced research · 2023Article
- High-Grade Serous Carcinoma at Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy in Asymptomatic Carriers ofJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- Oral Contraceptives and BRCA Cancer: A Balancing Act.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
19 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo help BRCA1 and 2 mutation carriers make informed decisions regarding use of combined-type oral contraceptive preparation (COCP), absolute risk-benefit estimates are needed for COCP-associated cancer.
methodsFor a hypothetical cohort of 10 000 women, we calculated the increased or decreased cumulative incidence of COCP-associated (breast, ovarian, endometrial) cancer, examining 18 scenarios with differences in duration and timing of COCP use, uptake of prophylactic surgeries, and menopausal hormone therapy.
resultsCOCP use initially increased breast cancer risk and decreased ovarian and endometrial cancer risk long term. For 10 000 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 10 years of COCP use from age 20 to 30 years resulted in 66 additional COCP-associated cancer cases by the age of 35 years, in addition to 625 cases expected for never users. By the age of 70 years such COCP use resulted in 907 fewer cancer cases than the expected 9093 cases in never users. Triple-negative breast cancer estimates resulted in 196 additional COCP-associated cases by age 40 years, in addition to the 1454 expected. For 10 000 BRCA2 mutation carriers using COCP from age 20 to 30 years, 80 excess cancer cases were estimated by age 40 years in addition to 651 expected cases; by the age of 70 years, we calculated 382 fewer cases compared with the 6156 cases expected. The long-term benefit of COCP use diminished after risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by menopausal hormone therapy use.
conclusionAlthough COCP use in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers initially increases breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer risk, it strongly decreases lifetime cancer risk. Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and menopausal hormone therapy use appear to counteract the long-term COCP-benefit.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.