ArticleBMJ open science2019
3Rs missing: animal research without scientific value is unethical.
Article in BMJ open science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Are biologically meaningful effect sizes a factor in study design? A systematic review of translational chronic variable stress studies.Experimental physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the make-up and properties of in vitro models of the healthy and diseased blood-brain barrier.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Pooled it
- Secondary Ischemia Assessment in Murine and Rat Preclinical Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Models: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- An innovative porcine model of pediatric drowning.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Data-driven prioritization of mouse strains for improved preclinical modeling of rare and common disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Limitations of current animal models in atherosclerosis: an integrative multiomics perspective.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Comparative study of pre- and post-mortem perfusion of fixative for the quality of neuronal tissue preparation.Lab animal · 2025Article
- What must not be named : Facts, emotions and coping strategies to enhance animal welfare in research.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Normal-Weight Offspring of Parents With Diet-Induced Obesity Display Altered Gene Expression Profiles.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Hand position during chest compression in infantile piglets - Do you need to encircle the chest with the 2-thumb-technique?Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Data Hazards as An Ethical Toolkit for Neuroscience.Neuroethics · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Antiviral Vaccines for Chickens: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- Intramuscular versus intravenous epinephrine administration in a pediatric porcine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- The use of animals in physiological science: the past, the presence, and the future.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2024Article
- Interdisciplinary Animal Research Ethics-Challenges, Opportunities, and Perspectives.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The ReCoDe addiction research consortium: Losing and regaining control over drug intake-Findings and future perspectives.Addiction biology · 2024Review
- Continuous chest compression during sustained inflation versus continuous compression with asynchronized ventilation in an infantile porcine model of severe bradycardia.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Perspectives of FTIR as Promising Tool for Pathogen Diagnosis, Sanitary and Welfare Monitoring in Animal Experimentation Models: A Review Based on Pertinent Literature.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- A minimal metadata set (MNMS) to repurpose nonclinical in vivo data for biomedical research.Lab animal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current, widely established 3R framework for the ethical use of animals in research consists of three guiding principles, that is,
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.