ReviewFrontiers in oncology2021
Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria and Recently Approved Cancer Therapies for Patients With Brain Metastases.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Management of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Brain Metastases, and Actionable Genomic Alterations: A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Interim survival analysis of the randomized phase III GEMSTONE-302 trial: sugemalimab or placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic NSCLC.Nature cancer · 2023Trial
- Exclusion of patients with brain metastases from early-phase systemic therapy trials: a cross-sectional analysis of eligibility criteria.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- The value of real-world evidence in supporting targeted therapies for patients with rare oncogenic drivers in mNSCLC.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Prediction of brain metastasis development with DNA methylation signatures.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- 3DFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- National Cancer Institute Collaborative Workshop on Shaping the Landscape of Brain Metastases Research: challenges and recommended priorities.The Lancet. Oncology · 2023Review
- Trastuzumab Deruxtecan: A Review in Unresectable or Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.Targeted oncology · 2023Review
- IMPACT the Brain: A Team-Based Approach to Management of Metastatic Breast Cancer With CNS Metastases.JCO oncology practice · 2023Article
- Combination checkpoint blockade and laser interstitial thermal therapy in radiographically progressive non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced cancer. In the era of precision oncology and immunotherapy, there are rapidly evolving systemic treatment options. These novel therapies may have variable intracranial efficacy, and patients with brain metastases remain a population of special interest. Typically, only patients with stable, asymptomatic and/or treated brain metastases are enrolled in clinical trials, or may be excluded altogether, particularly in the setting of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Consequently, this leads to significant concerns on the external validity of clinical trial evidence to real-world clinical practice. Here we describe the current trends in cancer clinical trial eligibility for patients with brain metastases in both early and late phase trials, with a focus on targeted and immunotherapies. We evaluate recent newly FDA approved therapies and the clinical trial evidence base leading to approval. This includes analysis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, requirements for baseline screening for brain metastases, surveillance cerebral imaging and incorporation of trial endpoints for patients with brain metastases. Finally, the use of alternative sources of data such as real-world evidence with registries and collaborative studies will be discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.