Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2021
Disturbance of Gut Bacteria and Metabolites Are Associated with Disease Severity and Predict Outcome of NMDAR Encephalitis: A Prospective Case-Control Study.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-neuroimmune crosstalk in autoimmune encephalitis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Comorbidities and Their Influence on Outcomes and Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The gut-brain axis: potential reshaping the future of anti-NMDAR encephalitis treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Altered Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolome Profiles Characterize Depression Individuals with Ischemic Stroke: A Comparative Analysis.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- The Role of Microbial Metabolites in the Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases-Therapeutic Approaches: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Emerging Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis in Neuro-Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies.Cureus · 2023Review
- Potential contribution of the gut microbiota to the development of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations between the intestinal microbiota, metabolites, cytokines, and clinical severity in anti- Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study of 58 NMDAR encephalitis patients and 49 healthy controls, fecal microbiota, metabolites, and cytokines were quantified and characterized by16S rRNA gene sequencing, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the Luminex assay, respectively. Results: There were marked variations in the gut microbiota composition and metabolites in critically ill patients. We identified 8 metabolite modules (mainly characterized by fatty acid, glycerophosphoethanolamines, and glycerophosphocholines) that were distinctly classified as negatively or positively associated with bacterial co-abundance groups (CAGs). These CAGs were mainly composed of Interpretation: The associations between the multi-omics data suggested that certain bacteria might affect the pathogenesis of NMDAR encephalitis by modulating the metabolic pathways of the host and affecting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the disturbance of fecal bacteria may predict the long-term outcome and relapse in NMDAR encephalitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.