ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2021
Virus-Like Particles: Revolutionary Platforms for Developing Vaccines Against Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis: Chassis diversification, system engineering, and emerging applications.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Self-adjuvanting Ebola virus-like particles that incorporate a cellular interferon-inducing domain.Research square · 2026Article
- Terminal V5 Tagging of All Four Newcastle Disease Virus Structural Proteins Is Compatible with Particle Formation in Sf9 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Zoonotic Parasite Nanovaccines: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Integrative zoology · 2026Review
- Immunization with the Tc85-Derived Peptide Displayed on Virus-like Particles Confers Protection againstACS omega · 2026Article
- Protocol for high-density peptide and protein presentation on biomaterial surfaces using virus-like particles.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Smart nanoparticle vaccines integrate nanotechnology artificial intelligence and immunoengineering for precision immunization.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Protein-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy: A Comparative and Translational Perspective.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Application and Research Progress of Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles in Vaccine Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Downstream Purification Strategies for Virus-like Particles: A Systematic Review of Structure Preservation, Impurity Control, and Viral Safety.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Preimmunization of SPF Mice With Capsid Virus-like Particle Has no Effect on CD8Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Engineering complexity into protein-based biomaterials for biomedical applications.Nature reviews. Materials · 2026Article
- Recent Advances, Bottlenecks, and Future Directions inVaccines · 2026Review
- Article
- A replication-incompetent adenovirus type 55 vaccine induces broad and durable protective immunity against pathogenic adenoviruses.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Surface-bioengineering of bacteriophage AP205 and MS2 virus-like particles with novel Spytag003 for antigen conjugation.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Virus Biomimetic-Delivery Systems for the Production of Vaccines.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bluetongue in the Mediterranean Basin: An Overview of Recent Hotspots and Advances in Vaccine Technologies.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: Unveiling the background and benefits of nanovaccines tested in clinics.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Preclinical Assessment of a New Virus-like Particle-Based Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Animal Models.Vaccines · 2026Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that possess diverse applications in therapeutics, immunization, and diagnostics. With the recent advancements in biomedical engineering technologies, commercially available VLP-based vaccines are being extensively used to combat infectious diseases, whereas many more are in different stages of development in clinical studies. Because of their desired characteristics in terms of efficacy, safety, and diversity, VLP-based approaches might become more recurrent in the years to come. However, some production and fabrication challenges must be addressed before VLP-based approaches can be widely used in therapeutics. This review offers insight into the recent VLP-based vaccines development, with an emphasis on their characteristics, expression systems, and potential applicability as ideal candidates to combat emerging virulent pathogens. Finally, the potential of VLP-based vaccine as viable and efficient immunizing agents to induce immunity against virulent infectious agents, including, SARS-CoV-2 and protein nanoparticle-based vaccines has been elaborated. Thus, VLP vaccines may serve as an effective alternative to conventional vaccine strategies in combating emerging infectious diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.