ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2021
Primary and Secondary Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between attachment insecurity and negative symptoms in clinical and non-clinical populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2026Pooled it
- Memantine for the Treatment of Primary Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Uncovering convergence and divergence between autism and schizophrenia using genomic tools and patients' neurons.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Reinforcement learning deficits in at-risk mental state for psychosis: the role of primary negative symptoms.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Clozapine Knowledge, Confidence, and Prescribing Practices Among Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Disentangling Anhedonia and Self-Stigma in Schizophrenia Using Bayesian Network Analysis.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Negative Symptoms Subtypes in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The relationship between social media use, quality of life, and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Facial expressions and emotional experience during social interaction in autism and schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Comparing the effects of active or passive music therapy on negative symptoms and cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Elucidating the Complex Etiology of Schizophrenia: Comprehensive Insights into the Therapeutic Roles of Natural Compounds and Pharmacological Interventions.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Primary, Prominent, and Predominant Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia in Routine Inpatient Psychiatric Care.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Novel Insights into Schizophrenia Treatment: Comprehensive Analysis Unveiling FGFR1 as a Promising Druggable Gene.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Shedding light on the dynamic interplay of positive and negative symptoms of psychosis with Behavioral Tractography.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Nicotine Misuse and Treatment of Schizophrenia Exacerbations in Men: An Observational Study in Poland.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association Between Skeletal Muscle Mass Indices and Cognitive Function Among Inpatients With Stable Schizophrenia.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Risk of Dementia in Patients Suffering From Psychosis-A Danish Register-Based Cohort Study.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Ketamine and olanzapine alter behaviour and prefrontal-cortex BDNF differentially in male and female rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of cerebrolysin on behavioral changes and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the prefrontal cortex of male mice in the ketamine model of schizophrenia.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- The Inflammatory Nexus: Unraveling Shared Pathways and Promising Treatments in Alzheimer's Disease and Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia include volitional (motivational) impairment manifesting as avolition, anhedonia, social withdrawal, and emotional disorders such as alogia and affective flattening. Negative symptoms worsen patients' quality of life and functioning. From the diagnostic point of view, it is important to differentiate between primary negative symptoms, which are regarded as an integral dimension of schizophrenia, and secondary negative symptoms occurring as a result of positive symptoms, comorbid depression, side effects of antipsychotics, substance abuse, or social isolation. If secondary negative symptoms overlap with primary negative symptoms, it can create a false clinical impression of worsening deficit symptoms and disease progression, which leads to the choice of incorrect therapeutic strategy with excessive dopamine blocker loading. Different longitudinal trajectories of primary and secondary negative symptoms in different schizophrenia stages are proposed as an important additional discriminating factor. This review and position paper focuses primarily on clinical aspects of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, their definition, phenomenology, factor structure, and classification. It covers the historical and modern concepts of the paradigm of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia, as well as a detailed comparison of the assessment tools and psychometric tests used for the evaluation of negative symptoms.
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