ReviewClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR2022
Treatment Outcomes of High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (HR-NMIBC) in Real-World Evidence (RWE) Studies: Systematic Literature Review (SLR).
Review in ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The combination of atezolizumab and BCG in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: results of the phase Ib/II BladderGATE clinical trial.The oncologist · 2026Trial
- TAR-200 for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Unresponsive High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results From the Phase IIb SunRISe-1 Study.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- An Integrin β6-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate Optimized for Intravesical Delivery to Treat Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, treatment patterns and effectiveness of adherence to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in intermediate and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients: a retrospective cohort analysis using German health claims data.World journal of urology · 2025Article
- Real-world use of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Japan: ASUKA study.BJUI compass · 2025Article
- A population-based analysis of patterns of care in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer from Alberta, Canada.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2025Article
- Review
- A multimodal deep-learning model based on multichannel CT radiomics for predicting pathological grade of bladder cancer.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Review
- Review of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Alternating intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin andAmerican journal of translational research · 2025Article
- ERAS for Ambulatory TURBT: Enhancing Bladder Cancer Care (EMBRACE) randomised controlled trial protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Revolutionizing Treatment: Breakthrough Approaches for BCG-Unresponsive Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- Adherence to First-Line Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy in the Context of Guideline Recommendations for US Patients With High-Risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2024Article
- PA-MSHA improves prognosis of patients undergoing radical cystectomy: a retrospective cohort study using inverse probability of treatment weighting.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Intermediate and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an overview of epidemiology, burden, and unmet needs.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Machine learning models combining computed tomography semantic features and selected clinical variables for accurate prediction of the pathological grade of bladder cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Saudi urologists' treatment pattern for high-riskUrology annalsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo date, there has been limited synthesis of RWE studies in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC). The objective of this research was to conduct a systematic review of published real-world evidence to better understand the real-world burden and treatment patterns in HR-NMIBC.
methodsAn SLR was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with the scope defined by the Population, Intervention Comparators, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) criteria. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases (Jan 2015-Jul 2020) were searched, and relevant congress abstracts (Jan 2018-Jul 2020) identified. The final analysis only included studies that enrolled ≥100 patients with HR-NMIBC from the US, Europe, Canada, and Australia.
resultsThe SLR identified 634 RWE publications in NMIBC, of which 160 studies reported data in HR-NMIBC. The average age of patients in the studies was 71 years, and 79% were males. The rates of BCG intravesical instillations ranged from 3% to 86% (29-95% for induction and 8-83% for maintenance treatment). Five-year outcomes were 17-89% recurrence-free survival (longest survival in patients completing BCG maintenance), 58-89% progression-free survival, 71-96% cancer-specific survival (lowest survival in BCG-unresponsive patients), and 28-90% overall survival (lowest survival in patients who did not receive BCG or instillation therapy).
conclusionBCG treatment rates and survival outcomes in patients with HR-NMIBC vary in the real world, with better survival seen in patients completing maintenance BCG, responding to treatment, and not progressing to muscle-invasive disease. There is a need to better understand the factors associated with BCG use and discontinuation and for an effective treatment that improves outcomes in HR-NMIBC. Generalization of these results is limited by variations in data collection, reporting, and methodologies used across RWE studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.