ArticleMolecular psychiatry2022
Clinical manifestations and immunomodulatory treatment experiences in psychiatric patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis: a case series of 91 patients from Germany.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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24 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatry: clinical recommendations and unresolved challenges from the GENERATE network.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Serial FDG-PET in probable seronegative autoimmune encephalitis presenting as severe behavioral regression in a child with autism.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Linking peripheral low-grade inflammation and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier leakage in schizophrenia spectrum disorders - A retrospective analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Functional Brain Activity Associated With Intermittent Rhythmic Delta/Theta Activity: A Transdiagnostic Electroencephalography-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Resting-State Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Abrupt Termination of Severe Treatment Refractory Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in a Patient Treated With Rituximab-A Case Report.Case reports in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Alterations in functional connectivity analyzed using MREG in patients with suspected autoimmune psychosis spectrum syndromes.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- A Case Series of Young People Receiving Adjunctive Immunotherapy for Neuroimmune-Mediated Major Mood or Psychotic Syndromes.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders manifesting with psychosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- MR spectroscopic imaging and its association with EEG, CSF, and psychometric/neuropsychological findings in patients with suspected autoimmune psychosis spectrum syndromes.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- [Physical health in people with severe mental illness].Der Nervenarzt · 2025Review
- Morphometric MRI findings in patients with suspected autoimmune psychosis spectrum syndromes and association with EEG slowing, CSF changes, and psychometric/neuropsychological findings.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Novel cerebrospinal fluid anti-central nervous system IgG antibodies can identify immunotherapy-responsive neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Blood and CSF anti-neuronal antibodies testing in psychotic syndromes: a retrospective analysis from a tertiary psychiatric hospital.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis in a resource-limited public health setting: a case series analysis.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024Article
- Repositioning synthetic glucocorticoids in psychiatric disease associated with neural autoantibodies: a narrative review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in psychiatric autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Philosophical Approach to Neural Autoantibodies in Psychiatric Disease-Multi-Systemic Dynamic Continuum from Protective to Harmful Autoimmunity in Neuronal Systems.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Autoimmune obsessive-compulsive disorder with novel anti-CNS autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Preserved visuoconstruction in patients with Alzheimer's pathology and anti-neural autoantibodies: A case control study.Frontiers in dementia · 2022Article
- Immunopsychiatry - Innovative Technology to Characterize Disease Activity in Autoantibody-Associated Psychiatric Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
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33 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) can rarely manifest as a predominantly psychiatric syndrome without overt neurological symptoms. This study's aim was to characterize psychiatric patients with AE; therefore, anonymized data on patients with suspected AE with predominantly or isolated psychiatric syndromes were retrospectively collected. Patients with readily detectable neurological symptoms suggestive of AE (e.g., epileptic seizures) were excluded. Patients were classified as "probable psychiatric AE (pAE)," if well-characterized neuronal IgG autoantibodies were detected or "possible pAE" (e.g., with detection of nonclassical neuronal autoantibodies or compatible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes). Of the 91 patients included, 21 (23%) fulfilled our criteria for probable (autoantibody-defined) pAE and 70 (77%) those for possible pAE. Among patients with probable pAE, 90% had anti-NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) autoantibodies. Overall, most patients suffered from paranoid-hallucinatory syndromes (53%). Patients with probable pAE suffered more often from disorientation (p < 0.001) and impaired memory (p = 0.001) than patients with possible pAE. Immunotherapies were performed in 69% of all cases, mostly with high-dose corticosteroids. Altogether, 93% of the patients with probable pAE and 80% of patients with possible pAE reportedly benefited from immunotherapies (p = 0.251). In summary, this explorative, cross-sectional evaluation confirms that autoantibody-associated AE syndromes can predominantly manifest as psychiatric syndromes, especially in anti-NMDA-R encephalitis. However, in three out of four patients, diagnosis of possible pAE was based on nonspecific findings (e.g., slight CSF pleocytosis), and well-characterized neuronal autoantibodies were absent. As such, the spectrum of psychiatric syndromes potentially responding to immunotherapies seems not to be limited to currently known autoantibody-associated AE. Further trials are needed.
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