Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35046462›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

Experimental inoculation trial to determine the effects of temperature and humidity on White-nose Syndrome in hibernating bats.

Winifred F Frick, Emily Johnson, Tina L Cheng, Julia S Lankton, Robin Warne, Jason Dallas, Katy L Parise, Jeffrey T Foster, Justin G Boyles, Liam P McGuire

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
30.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Relationship of temperature with declines and persistence of Myotis lucifugus after white-nose syndrome.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. A Palearctic view of a bat fungal disease.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Disparities inEcology and evolution · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Winifred F FrickBat Conservation International, Austin, TX, 78746, USA. wfrick@batcon.org.
Emily JohnsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79401, USA.
Tina L ChengBat Conservation International, Austin, TX, 78746, USA.
Julia S LanktonU.S. Geological Survey - National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
Robin WarneCooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
Jason DallasCooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
Katy L ParisePathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
Jeffrey T FosterPathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
Justin G BoylesCooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
Liam P McGuireDepartment of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79401, USA.
Southern Illinois University Carbondale · USBat Conservation International · USNorthern Arizona University · USTexas Tech University · USUnited States Geological Survey · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Disease results from interactions among the host, pathogen, and environment. Inoculation trials can quantify interactions among these players and explain aspects of disease ecology to inform management in variable and dynamic natural environments. White-nose Syndrome, a disease caused by the fungal pathogen, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), has caused severe population declines of several bat species in North America. We conducted the first experimental infection trial on the tri-colored bat, Perimyotis subflavus, to test the effect of temperature and humidity on disease severity. We also tested the effects of temperature and humidity on fungal growth and persistence on substrates. Unexpectedly, only 37% (35/95) of bats experimentally inoculated with Pd at the start of the experiment showed any infection response or disease symptoms after 83 days of captive hibernation. There was no evidence that temperature or humidity influenced infection response. Temperature had a strong effect on fungal growth on media plates, but the influence of humidity was more variable and uncertain. Designing laboratory studies to maximize research outcomes would be beneficial given the high costs of such efforts and potential for unexpected outcomes. Understanding the influence of microclimates on host-pathogen interactions remains an important consideration for managing wildlife diseases, particularly in variable environments.

Indexed as

Host-Parasite InteractionsMicroclimateAnimalsAscomycotaBody CompositionChiropteraFemaleHibernationHumidityHydrocortisoneMaleTemperatureHydrocortisone

Identifiers

PMID35046462
PMCPMC8770465
OpenAlexW4206670787

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.