ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
A multiscale biophysical model gives quantized metachronal waves in a lattice of beating cilia.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Controlling the synchronization and symmetry breaking of coupled bacterial pili on active biofilm carpets.eLife · 2026Article
- Human lungs fluid mechanics: an overview of current modelling techniques.The European physical journal. E, Soft matter · 2026Review
- Lab on an end: Micromanipulation using the acoustohydrodynamic pillar array as an end effector.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Modeling tissue-scale ciliary transport and mixing in three-dimensional Newtonian flow.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Dynamics and emergence of metachronal waves in the ciliary band of a metazoan larva.Science advances · 2025Article
- Fallopian tube rheology regulates epithelial cell differentiation and function to enhance cilia formation and coordination.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Near-field hydrodynamic interactions determine travelling wave directions of collectively beating cilia.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Cytoplasmic stirring by active carpets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Forceful patterning: theoretical principles of mechanochemical pattern formation.EMBO reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Nonreciprocal interactions give rise to fast cilium synchronization in finite systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The reaction-diffusion basis of animated patterns in eukaryotic flagella.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Miniaturized metachronal magnetic artificial cilia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Spontaneous phase coordination and fluid pumping in model ciliary carpets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Motile cilia are slender, hair-like cellular appendages that spontaneously oscillate under the action of internal molecular motors and are typically found in dense arrays. These active filaments coordinate their beating to generate metachronal waves that drive long-range fluid transport and locomotion. Until now, our understanding of their collective behavior largely comes from the study of minimal models that coarse grain the relevant biophysics and the hydrodynamics of slender structures. Here we build on a detailed biophysical model to elucidate the emergence of metachronal waves on millimeter scales from nanometer-scale motor activity inside individual cilia. Our study of a one-dimensional lattice of cilia in the presence of hydrodynamic and steric interactions reveals how metachronal waves are formed and maintained. We find that, in homogeneous beds of cilia, these interactions lead to multiple attracting states, all of which are characterized by an integer charge that is conserved. This even allows us to design initial conditions that lead to predictable emergent states. Finally, and very importantly, we show that, in nonuniform ciliary tissues, boundaries and inhomogeneities provide a robust route to metachronal waves.
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