ArticleBMJ open2022
Association between health literacy and multimorbidity: a nationwide, cross-sectional study of a Japanese population.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Unravelling the role of health literacy among individuals with multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Patterns of multimorbidity and their association with edentulism: the moderating role of health literacy in the Lifelines Cohort.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Health literacy and urban-rural disparities: a cross-sectional study of access, adherence, and quality of life across the neurological spectrum.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Health literacy and hypertension-related multimorbidity: unravelling the mediating role of self-management - insights from the lifelines cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Physical activity health literacy in patients with chronic diseases: a concept analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Multi-Stakeholders' Perspective on Enhancing Health Literacy for Effective Management of Tuberculosis-Multimorbidity in Odisha, India.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) towards Anti-VEGF treatment under one-stop intravitreal injection model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Amazon Amandaba-Sociodemographic Factors, Health Literacy, Biochemical Parameters and Self-Care as Predictors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Cluster analysis for the overall health status of elderly, multimorbid patients with diabetes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Effects of Physiatrist and Physiotherapist-supervised Therapeutic Exercise on Physical Function in Frail Older Patients with Multimorbidity.Progress in rehabilitation medicine · 2023Article
- Differences in Data Trustworthiness and Risk Perception between Bar Graphs and Pictograms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Health Literacy, Equity, and Communication in the COVID-19 Era of Misinformation: Emergence of Health Information Professionals in Infodemic Management.JMIR infodemiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine the relationship between health literacy and multimorbidity.
designNationwide cross-sectional study.
settingCommunity settings across Japan.
participantsCommunity-dwelling participants aged 20 years or older were selected based on a quota sampling method that adjusted for age, sex and residential area. In total, 3678 participants from the Health Diary Study, with a mean age of 52.3 years (SD, 18.2 years; 1943 (52.8%) female participants), were included. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Multimorbidity, the primary outcome measure, was defined as the presence of two or more chronic diseases.
resultsOf the 3678 participants, 824 (22.4%) had multimorbidity. The mean functional health literacy (FHL) and communicative and critical health literacy (CCHL) scores were 3.2 (SD, 0.7) and 3.6 (SD, 0.9), respectively. In the univariable analysis, both scores were associated with multimorbidity (p<0.001). However, in the multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis, only the FHL score was significantly associated with multimorbidity (per 1-point increase, 0.91; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99).
conclusionsAfter adjusting for confounding variables, FHL, not CCHL, was significantly related to the presence of multimorbidity. Further longitudinal studies are required to examine the causal relationship between health literacy and multimorbidity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.