ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2022
Blocking GM-CSF receptor α with mavrilimumab reduces infiltrating cells, pro-inflammatory markers and neoangiogenesis in ex vivo cultured arteries from patients with giant cell arteritis.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of mavrilimumab in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Trial
- Treatment strategies in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: beyond glucocorticoids.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Review
- Crosstalk between macrophages and fibroblasts contributes to inflammation and damage in giant cell arteritis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- GM-CSF promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage activation associated with Akt/mTOR signaling during experimental colitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Takayasu arteritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mature CD209Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Plasma Exosomes Derived from Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Attenuate TBX21Inflammation · 2025Article
- Monocytes/Macrophages in Giant Cell Arteritis-Polymyalgia Rheumatica Spectrum Disease.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Uncovering the New Biology of Giant Cell Arteritis to Guide Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Dynamic macrophage phenotypes in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- The Impact of IL-17A Inhibition in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Current Insights and Future Prospects.Rheumatology and therapy · 2025Review
- Genes deregulated in giant cell arteritis by Nanostring nCounter gene expression profiling in temporal artery biopsies.RMD open · 2024Article
- Vascular disease persistence in giant cell arteritis: are stromal cells neglected?Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Review
- Diagnostic accuracy of serum biomarkers to identify giant cell arteritis in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica.RMD open · 2024Article
- Baricitinib for refractory Takayasu arteritis: a prospective cohort study in a tertiary referral centre.RMD open · 2024Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEffective and safe therapies are needed for the treatment of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Emerging as a key cytokine in inflammation, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may play a role in promoting inflammation in GCA.
objectivesTo investigate expression of GM-CSF and its receptor in arterial lesions from patients with GCA. To analyse activation of GM-CSF receptor-associated signalling pathways and expression of target genes. To evaluate the effects of blocking GM-CSF receptor α with mavrilimumab in ex vivo cultured arteries from patients with GCA.
methodsQuantitative real time PCR, in situ RNA hybridisation, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, immunoassay, western blot and ex vivo temporal artery culture.
resultsGM-CSF and GM-CSF receptor α mRNA and protein were increased in GCA lesions; enhanced JAK2/STAT5A expression/phosphorylation as well as increased expression of target genes CD83 and Spi1/PU.1 were observed. Treatment of ex vivo cultured GCA arteries with mavrilimumab resulted in decreased transcripts of CD3ε, CD20, CD14 and CD16 cell markers, and reduction of infiltrating CD16 and CD3ε cells was observed by immunofluorescence. Mavrilimumab reduced expression of molecules relevant to T cell activation (human leukocyte antigen-DR [HLA-DR]) and Th1 differentiation (interferon-γ), the pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and IL-1β, as well as molecules related to vascular injury (matrix metalloprotease 9, lipid peroxidation products and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]). Mavrilimumab reduced CD34 + cells and neoangiogenesis in GCA lesions.
conclusionThe inhibitory effects of mavrilimumab on multiple steps in the GCA pathogenesis cascade in vitro are consistent with the clinical observation of reduced GCA flares in a phase 2 trial and support its development as a therapeutic option for patients with GCA.
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