ArticleThe American journal of cardiology2022
Relation of Cigarette Smoking and Heart Failure in Adults ≥65 Years of Age (From the Cardiovascular Health Study).
Article in The American journal of cardiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative disease risks associated with cigarette smoking and use of moist smokeless tobacco and snus: an umbrella review of epidemiological evidence from the United States and Western Europe.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- The Impact of Risk Factors and Comorbidities on Heart Failure in the Aging Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Biomarkers in Heart Failure: Clinical Perspectives on hsCRP, IL-6 and Emerging Candidates.Current heart failure reports · 2025Review
- Nutritional and Nutraceutical Support to the Failing Myocardium: A Possible Way of Potentiating the Current Treatment of Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association of Thyroid Dysfunction in Individuals ≥ 65 Years of Age With Subclinical Cardiac Abnormalities.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Association Between Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Patients Who Have Undergone Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: From the FU-CCTA Registry.Cardiology research · 2024Article
- Exposome and unhealthy aging: environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures.GeroScience · 2023Review
- Assessment of Lung Cancer Risk Among Smokers for Whom Annual Screening Is Not Recommended.JAMA oncology · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with adverse cardiac outcomes, including incident heart failure (HF). However, key components of potential pathways from smoking to HF have not been evaluated in older adults. In a community-based study, we studied cross-sectional associations of smoking with blood and imaging biomarkers reflecting mechanisms of cardiac disease. Serial nested, multivariable Cox models were used to determine associations of smoking with HF, and to assess the influence of biochemical and functional (cardiac strain) phenotypes on these associations. Compared with never smokers, smokers had higher levels of inflammation (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), cardiomyocyte injury (cardiac troponin T [hscTnT]), myocardial "stress"/fibrosis (soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 [sST2], galectin 3), and worse left ventricle systolic and diastolic function. In models adjusting for age, gender, and race (DEMO) and for clinical factors potentially in the causal pathway (CLIN), smoking exposures were associated with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, sST2, hscTnT, and with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic protein (in Whites). In DEMO adjusted models, the cumulative burden of smoking was associated with worse left ventricle systolic strain. Current smoking and former smoking were associated with HF in DEMO models (hazard ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.64 and hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.25, respectively), and with current smoking after CLIN adjustment. Adjustment for time-varying myocardial infarction, inflammation, cardiac strain, hscTnT, sST2, and galectin 3 did not materially alter the associations. Smoking was associated with HF with preserved and decreased ejection fraction. In conclusion, in older adults, smoking is associated with multiple blood and imaging biomarker measures of pathophysiology previously linked to HF, and to incident HF even after adjustment for clinical intermediates.
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Registered trials
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