Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2022
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Vaccine Boosters after Ad26.COV2.S Priming.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04927936 (A Multicenter, Randomised, Single-blind, Controlled Trial Among HealthCare Workers), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
12.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicenter, Randomised, Single-blind, Controlled Trial Among HealthCare Workers (HCW) Vaccinated With Janssen Vaccine: the SWITCH Trial
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of homologous or heterologous immunization regimens against SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in dialysis and renal transplant patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of Preprint Postings of Randomized Clinical Trials on COVID-19 and Corresponding Published Journal Articles: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Antibody titers of individuals vaccinated for COVID-19: A systematic review.Journal of biosciences · 2023Pooled it
- Axes of social inequities in COVID-19 clinical trials: A systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Heterologous Booster Doses with Homologous Booster Doses for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Vaccines for COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Immunogenicity, Current Development, and Future Prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Heterologous RBMRNA-405 mRNA booster enhances humoral immunity post-inactivated COVID-19 vaccination: a randomized clinical trial in adults and older through 12 months.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Original COVID-19 priming regimen impacts the immunogenicity of bivalent BA.1 and BA.5 boosters.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Assessment of the impact of a personalised nutrition intervention in impaired glucose regulation over 26 weeks: a randomised controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Immunogenicity of bivalent omicron (BA.1) booster vaccination after different priming regimens in health-care workers in the Netherlands (SWITCH ON): results from the direct boost group of an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- GRAd-COV2 vaccine provides potent and durable humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Trial
- Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 (ENSEMBLE2): results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Titers and breadth of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants after heterologous booster vaccination in health care workers primed with two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19: A single-blinded, randomized clinical trial.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- DNA-based vaccines: Advances, applications, and future prospects.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Dose-dependent IFN programs in myeloid cells after mRNA and adenovirus COVID-19 vaccination.JCI insight · 2026Article
- An Ad26-MVA-BN-based therapeutic vaccine targeting HPV16 and HPV18 related disease is immunogenic in preclinical models and in women with persistent HPV infections.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies for high-risk populations: potential and challenges of combining heterologous boosting with respiratory mucosal delivery.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Roos S G SablerollesFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Wim J R RietdijkFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Abraham GoorhuisFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Douwe F PostmaFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Leo G VisserFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Daryl GeersFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Katharina S SchmitzFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Hannah M Garcia GarridoFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Marion P G KoopmansFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Virgil A S H DalmFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Neeltje A KootstraFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Anke L W HuckriedeFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Melvin LafeberFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Debbie van BaarleFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Corine H GeurtsvanKesselFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
Rory D de VriesFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.
P Hugo M van der KuyFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7128-8801
SWITCH Research Group
Erasmus MC · NLUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLLeiden University Medical Center · NL
Funding
ZonMw 10430072110001
Abstract
backgroundThe Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, which was approved as a single-shot immunization regimen, has been shown to be effective against severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, this vaccine induces lower severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S)-specific antibody levels than those induced by messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines. The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a homologous or heterologous booster in persons who have received an Ad26.COV2.S priming dose are unclear.
methodsIn this single-blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving health care workers who had received a priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, we assessed immunogenicity and reactogenicity 28 days after a homologous or heterologous booster vaccination. The participants were assigned to receive no booster, an Ad26.COV2.S booster, an mRNA-1273 booster, or a BNT162b2 booster. The primary end point was the level of S-specific binding antibodies, and the secondary end points were the levels of neutralizing antibodies, S-specific T-cell responses, and reactogenicity. A post hoc analysis was performed to compare mRNA-1273 boosting with BNT162b2 boosting.
resultsHomologous or heterologous booster vaccination resulted in higher levels of S-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses than a single Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. The increase in binding antibodies was significantly larger with heterologous regimens that included mRNA-based vaccines than with the homologous booster. The mRNA-1273 booster was most immunogenic and was associated with higher reactogenicity than the BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S boosters. Local and systemic reactions were generally mild to moderate in the first 2 days after booster administration.
conclusionsThe Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA boosters had an acceptable safety profile and were immunogenic in health care workers who had received a priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. The strongest responses occurred after boosting with mRNA-based vaccines. Boosting with any available vaccine was better than not boosting. (Funded by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development ZonMw; SWITCH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04927936.).
Indexed as
Immunization, SecondaryImmunogenicity, Vaccine2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273Ad26COVS1AdultAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GInterferon-gammaMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-22019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273Ad26COVS1Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesImmunoglobulin GInterferon-gamma
Identifiers
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Registered trials
NCT04927936ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.