ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2022
Bacterial Biofilm Thickness and Fungal Inhibitory Bacterial Richness Both Prevent Establishment of the Amphibian Fungal Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the ecological drivers of bacteriophage diversity and functional viral potential in the skin of the axolotl Ambystoma altamirani.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2026Article
- Identification of Opportunistic Pathogens on the Skin of Salamanders for Use as Molecular Targets of a De Novo Design of Multitarget Anti-International journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Double-edged effects of aquatic environmental biofilms onISME communications · 2025Article
- Biodegradability Study of Modified Chitosan Films with Cinnamic Acid and Ellagic Acid in Soil.Polymers · 2024Article
- Biofilms inactivate the free-living stage of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the most destructive pathogen for vertebrate diversity.The ISME journal · 2024Article
- Transport from the wild rapidly alters the diversity and composition of skin microbial communities and antifungal taxa in spring peeper frogs.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2024Article
- Gene functions of theMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Mr. Toad's Wild Fungi: Fungal Isolate Diversity on Colorado Boreal Toads and their Capacity for Pathogen Inhibition.Fungal ecology · 2023Article
- Review
- The skin microbiota of the axolotl Ambystoma altamirani is highly influenced by metamorphosis and seasonality but not by pathogen infection.Animal microbiome · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Host-associated microbial biofilms can provide protection against pathogen establishment. In many host-microbe symbioses (including, but not limited to humans, plants, insects, and amphibians), there is a correlation between host-associated microbial diversity and pathogen infection risk. Diversity may prevent infection by pathogens through sampling effects and niche complementarity, but an alternative hypothesis may be that microbial biomass is confounded with diversity and that host-associated biofilms are deterring pathogen establishment through space preemption. In this study, we use the amphibian system as a model for host-microbe-pathogen interactions to ask two questions: (i) is bacterial richness confounded with biofilm thickness or cell density, and (ii) to what extent do biofilm thickness, cell density, and bacterial richness each deter the establishment of the amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis? To answer these questions, we built a custom biofilm microcosm that mimics the host-environment interface by allowing nutrients to diffuse out of a fine-pore biofilm scaffolding. This created a competitive environment in which bacteria and the fungal pathogen compete for colonization space. We then challenged bacterial biofilms ranging in community richness, biofilm thickness, bacterial cell density, and B. dendrobatidis (also known as
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