ArticlePacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE2022
The long-term outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic devices implanted via the femoral route.
Article in Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancements in pacing and ICD technologies: Potential implications for complex congenital heart disease in adults.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2026Review
- Right Atrial Leadless Pacemaker After Glenn Repair.CJC pediatric and congenital heart disease · 2025Article
- Optimizing Cardiac Wireless Implant Communication: A Feasibility Study on Selecting the Frequency and Matching Medium.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Extraction of a 20-year-old implanted permanent transfemoral dual-chamber pacemaker system.HeartRhythm case reports · 2022Article
- The long-term outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic devices implanted via the femoral route.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConventional superior access for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is not always possible and femoral CIEDs (F-CIED) are an alternative option when leadless systems are not suitable. The long-term outcomes and extraction experiences with F-CIEDs, in particular complex F-CIED (ICD/CRT devices), remain poorly understood.
methodsPatients referred for F-CIEDs implantation between 2002 and 2019 at two tertiary centers were included. Early complications were defined as ≤30 days following implant and late complications >30 days.
resultsThirty-one patients (66% male; age 56 ± 20 years; 35% [11] patients with congenital heart disease) were implanted with F-CIEDs (10 ICD/CRT and 21 pacemakers). Early complications were observed in 6.5% of patients: two lead displacements. Late complications at 6.8 ± 4.4 years occurred in 29.0% of patients. This was higher with complex F-CIED compared to simple F-CIED (60.0% vs. 14.3%, p = .02). Late complications were predominantly generator site related (n = 8, 25.8%) including seven infections/erosions and one generator migration. Eight femoral generators and 14 leads (median duration in situ seven [range 6-11] years) were extracted without complication.
conclusionsProcedural success with F-CIEDs is high with clinically acceptable early complication rates. There is a notable risk of late complications, particularly involving the generator site of complex devices following repeat femoral procedures. Extraction of chronic F-CIED in experienced centers is feasible and safe.
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