ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2022
The use of supercytokines, immunocytokines, engager cytokines, and other synthetic cytokines in immunotherapy.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- The pertinence of gastric cancer and interleukin 10-819 single nucleotide polymorphisms: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- Engineering cytokines for cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Nanomedicine-based cancer immunotherapy: translational barriers, mechanistic strategies, and future perspectives.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Cold and hot tumors: immunological determinants, cancer-immunity cycle dysregulation, and nanotechnology-driven therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Multivalent antibody-based conjugates as new tools for tailored modulation of G protein-coupled receptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2026Review
- TIGIT-targeted IL-12 fusion protein engages NK and CD8Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Immuno-cytotoxic convergence: integrating antibody‒drug conjugates and immunofusion proteins to overcome resistance in gastrointestinal cancers.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles in anti-tumor immunotherapy: Advances and outlook.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Next-generation CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies in hematologic malignancies: engineering for persistence, specificity, and safety.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- The complex role of IL-37 in cancer pathogenesis: exploring its influence on hallmarks of cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor Microenvironment Onmyoji: Cytokines with Dual Protumor and Antitumor Roles.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Interleukin-2 is a potent latency reversal agent in people with treated HIV-1.Science advances · 2025Article
- Neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles for targeted therapy.Discover nano · 2025Review
- Targeting tumor-associated neutrophils: A promising strategy in lung cancer immunotherapy.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Review
- Engineering DNA Origami Captors for TGFβ1 Sequestration to Enhance Tumor Immune Modulation and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Synergistic therapy for pancreatic cancer by deactivating cancer-associated fibroblasts and driving T-cell migration into tumor microenvironment using nanochaperone delivery system.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- A cohort study of circulating biomarkers to predict the efficacy and prognosis of immune combination therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Engineering adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Optogenetic-Controlled iPSC-Based Vaccines for Prophylactic and Therapeutic Tumor Suppression in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The application of antibody-based agents in cancer therapy based on their mechanisms of action.Fundamental research · 2025Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines exert powerful immunomodulatory effects that are critical to physiology and pathology in humans. The application of natural cytokines in clinical studies has not been clearly established, and there are often problems associated with toxicity or lack of efficacy. The key reasons can be attributed to the pleiotropy of cytokine receptors and undesired activation of off-target cells. With a deeper understanding of the structural principles and functional signals of cytokine-receptor interactions, artificial modification of cytokine signaling through protein engineering and synthetic immunology has become an increasingly feasible and powerful approach. Engineered cytokines are designed to selectively target cells. Herein, the theoretical and experimental evidence of cytokine engineering is reviewed, and the "supercytokines" resulting from structural enhancement and the "immunocytokines" generated by antibody fusion are described. Finally, the "engager cytokines" formed by the crosslinking of cytokines and bispecific immune engagers and other synthetic cytokines formed by nonnatural analogs are also discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.