ReviewPediatric research2022
Development of the immune system in the human embryo.
Review in Pediatric research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- From animal models to NAMs: a paradigm shift in developmental immunotoxicity testing.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Cardiac immunity and heart repair: Mechanism, challenge, and future direction.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Vaccine Responses in Early Age.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Segmental specification of the human female fetal reproductive tract revealed by spatiotemporal dynamics.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Peripheral blood cell counts of prematurely born, small for gestational age neonates.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
- Multivariate genetic analysis reveals three distinct pathological dimensions in musculoskeletal disorders.Nature communications · 2026Article
- HIDmap: a physiology-based map of human immune system development to support animal-free research and regulatory innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Meconium and Amniotic Fluid IgG Fc Binding Protein (FcGBP) Concentrations in Neonates Delivered by Cesarean Section and by Vaginal Birth in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- SMAD2 linker phosphorylation impacts overall survival, proliferation, TGFβ1-dependent gene expression and pluripotency-related proteins in NSCLC.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Parkinson's Spectrum Mechanisms in Pregnancy: Exploring Hypothetical Scenarios for MSA in the Era of ART.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of PFOS Exposure on Murine Fetal Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Associated with Intrauterine Metabolic Perturbation.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- The Ability of Neonatal Mice to Develop Immunity toJournal of cellular immunology · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Role of Maternal Microchimerism in Offspring Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- The fetal programming effect of maternal immune activation (MIA) on the offspring's immune system.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- From Genesis to Old Age: Exploring the Immune System One Cell at a Time with Flow Cytometry.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- A Metabolic Axis of Immune Intractability.Cancer immunology research · 2024Article
- The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Review
- The association between prenatal FFree radical biology & medicine · 2022Article
- The transcriptional landscape of the giant freshwater prawn: Embryonic development and early sexual differentiation mechanisms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fetal immune system is highly specialized which is to generate both tolerogenic and protective immune responses to tolerate both self- and maternal-antigens. Fetal T cells with pro-inflammatory potential are born in a tolerogenic environment and are tightly controlled by both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. Fetal B-1 and B-2 B cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively, arise in staggered waves of development from distinct progenitors. Innate immune responses are the key to the protection against infection and adaptive immunity creates memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen. This review aims to discuss the recent advances in understanding the development of immune system in fetus. IMPACT: During gestation, essential developmental changes occur to survive the neonates. At early stage, developmental signals and changes may be influenced due to immune deficiencies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
35042957What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.