Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35042830›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022

Extra-pair paternity explains cooperation in a bird species.

Indrikis A Krams, Adèle Mennerat, Tatjana Krama, Ronalds Krams, Priit Jõers, Didzis Elferts, Severi Luoto, Markus J Rantala, Sigrunn Eliassen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The costs of extra-pair behaviours in birds.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026
    Review
  2. Multi-level societies: different tasks at different social levels.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Great Tit (Ecology and evolution · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Reply to Jan T. Lifjeld et al.: Female agency and fitness benefits of mixed-paternity broods remain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  8. Female extra-pair copulation for direct fitness benefits: A cautionary note.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Indrikis A KramsDepartment of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga 1004, Latvia; indrikis.krams@ut.ee.ORCID 0000-0001-7150-4108
Adèle MenneratDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-0368-7197
Tatjana KramaDepartment of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils 5401, Latvia.
Ronalds KramsDepartment of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils 5401, Latvia.
Priit JõersDepartment of General and Microbial Biochemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0002-9248-1774
Didzis ElfertsDepartment of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga 1004, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0002-9401-1231
Severi LuotoSchool of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-3904-3994
Markus J RantalaDepartment of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.
Sigrunn EliassenDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In many social animals, females mate with multiple males, but the adaptive value of female extra-pair mating is not fully understood. Here, we tested whether male pied flycatchers (

Indexed as

AnimalsCopulationFemaleMalePasseriformesReproductionSexual Behavior, Animalantipredator defensebirdscooperationextra-pair offspringpromiscuity

Identifiers

PMID35042830
PMCPMC8820227

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.