ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2022
Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: Quantifying and contextualizing variation.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 on semen parameters and sex-related hormone levels in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Asian journal of andrologyPooled it
- Sex differences in excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal ecological analysis of 34 high-income countries.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in a university microcosm reflects global evolutionary trends.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Comparing outcomes of COVID-19 and influenza among hospitalized adults in the European severe acute respiratory infection vaccine effectiveness (EuroSAVE) network, 2021-2024: a retrospective cohort analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- The effect of personality on likelihood of contracting SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.Personality and individual differences · 2026Article
- Three maxims for countering sex essentialism in scientific research.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Understanding sex and gender disparities in COVID-19 mortality: a narrative review beyond biology.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Improving racial data equity among minority groups in South Carolina using COVID-19 as an example: application of principal components analysis.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Risk factors for 30-day COVID-19 mortality among people living with dementia in Alberta, Canada: a retrospective cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and cardiovascular disease in England and Wales between 2020-2022.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Why gender and sex matter in infectious disease modelling: A conceptual framework.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Limitations of the Male/Female Binary for Studying the Influences of Sex- and Gender-Related Factors on Health.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Broadband internet access as a social determinant of health in the early COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. counties.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Marginalized Identities, Healthcare Discrimination, and Parental Stress about COVID-19.Journal of marriage and the family · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Indigenous Pataxó community of Southern Bahia, Brazil: second wave of transmission and vaccine effects.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Disparities in wellbeing in the USA by race and ethnicity, age, sex, and location, 2008-21: an analysis using the Human Development Index.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Article
- Community utilization of a co-created COVID-19 testing program in a US/Mexico border community.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Current use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives or hormone therapy and risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization: a population-based cohort study.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This paper presents the first longitudinal study of sex disparities in COVID-19 cases and mortalities across U.S. states, derived from the unique 13-month dataset of the U.S. Gender/Sex COVID-19 Data Tracker. To analyze sex disparities, weekly case and mortality rates by sex and mortality rate ratios were computed for each U.S. state, and a multilevel crossed-effects conditional logistic binomial regression model was fitted to estimate the variation of the sex disparity in mortality over time and across states. Results demonstrate considerable variation in the sex disparity in COVID-19 cases and mortalities over time and between states. These data suggest that the sex disparity, when present, is modest, and likely varies in relation to context-sensitive variables, which may include health behaviors, preexisting health status, occupation, race/ethnicity, and other markers of social experience.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.