ArticlePloS one2022
Family correlates of emotional and behavioral problems in Nepali school children.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical punishment and lifelong outcomes in low‑ and middle‑income countries: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- Adverse childhood experiences, resilience and mental health among young people aged 16-29 years in Nepal: a population-based household survey (2025).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Parents' perception of adolescents' difficulties and impact of problems in different castes and ethnic groups in Nepal. Do they converge with the frequencies of symptoms reported on the child behavior checklist (CBCL)?Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Parental wellbeing, parenting, and child mental health in families with young children in Arghakhanchi, Nepal.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Self-reported emotional and behavioral problems among school-going adolescents in Nepal-A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of emotional and psychological problems in Iranian children: Protocol of a cross-sectional study in Isfahan.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2023Article
- Teacher reports of emotional and behavioral problems in Nepali schoolchildren: to what extent do they agree with parent reports?BMC psychiatry · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a substantial gap in our knowledge about family correlates of child emotional and behavioral problems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The present study contributes to filling this gap by examining such correlates in a larger population study in Nepal.
methodsOur study is a cross-sectional, observational study among 3840 Nepali children aged 6-18 years from 64 schools and 16 districts in the three main geographical regions in the country. We used the Nepali version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)/6-18 to assess children's internalizing and externalizing problems and an additional background information questionnaire to assess possible family correlates which included parental education, family structure, migrant worker parents, parental mental and physical illness, family conflicts, and child-rearing. The associations between family variables and child internalizing and externalizing problems were analyzed using bivariate correlations and multiple regression.
resultsUsing bivariate analysis, we found that mental and physical illness in parents, conflict in the family, parental disagreement in child-rearing, and physical punishment of child correlated positively with both Internalizing Problems and Externalizing Problems. The same associations were found by using multiple regression analysis. In addition, parental education, family structure, and migrant worker mothers were associated with Externalizing Problems. However, the effect sizes were small.
conclusionThe results suggest that in Nepal, child mental problems were associated with several family risk factors. Further, the study points to the need of strengthening prevention- and intervention measures to minimize family risk factors of child mental health disorders.
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