ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022
Household survey on owned dog population and rabies knowledge in selected municipalities in Bulacan, Philippines: A cross-sectional study.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Process mapping the One Health response to a rabies outbreak in the Philippines.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Dog-Management Factors Associated With Free-Roaming Dogs in Nigeria and Sierra Leone.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Sustainability and future outlook of the Philippine pig industry.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- Global Perspectives on Rabies Control and Elimination: A Scoping Review of Dog Owners' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessing veterinary professionals' perspectives on community knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dog rabies in Turkana, Kenya.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Effect of COVID-19, Vaccination Ratio, and Human Population on the Reported Canine Rabies Cases in Davao City, Philippines: A Panel Regression Analysis.Acta medica Philippina · 2025Article
- Puppies as the primary causal animal for human rabies cases: three-year prospective study of human rabies in the Philippines.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Using Integrated Bite Case Management to estimate the burden of rabies and evaluate surveillance in Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.One health & implementation research · 2023Article
- Factors Affecting the Spread, Diagnosis, and Control of African Swine Fever in the Philippines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical, epidemiological, and spatial features of human rabies cases in Metro Manila, the Philippines from 2006 to 2015.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Long-term spatio-temporal trends in global rabies burden and its association with animal rabies vaccination during 1990-2019.Pathogens and global healthArticle
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the effort to eradicate rabies in the Philippines, human rabies cases have not decreased in the past decade. Rabid dogs pose the most significant hazard in the countries with the highest burden of rabies, and 70% rabies vaccine coverage is recommended for dogs in high-risk areas. Ascertaining the owned dog population and community knowledge on rabies can help improve vaccine coverage and information campaigns. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in six randomly selected communities (five urban, one rural) in Central Luzon, Philippines. We first conducted the complete mapping of 9,173 households and then randomly selected 727 households. More than half (54.1%) of the households owned dogs (1.21 dogs/household). In the 727 households, we identified 878 owned dogs and 3256 humans. According to these results, the dog-to-human ratio was approximately 1:3.7. Only 8.8% of households reported a history of dog bite in 2019. Among dog-owning households, 31% reported that they allow their dogs to roam freely. Of the recorded dogs, 35.9% have never been vaccinated, and only 3.5% were spayed or castrated. Factors associated with lower rabies knowledge include (1) no education aOR: 0.30 (0.16-0.59), and (2) only primary school education aOR: 0.33 (0.22-0.49). In contrast, factors associated with higher knowledge include (1) owning a dog and not allowing them to roam freely aOR: 2.01 (1.41-2.87) and (2) owning a dog and allowing them to roam freely aOR: 1.84 (1.17-2.92), when compared to those with no dogs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We identified a larger dog population in the community than the usual estimates (1:10), suggesting that annual vaccine needs in the Philippines must be reassessed. Our survey shows a relatively good understanding of rabies; however, awareness of the concept of rabies as a disease, and how animals and humans can acquire it, is lacking.
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