ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2022
The role of itaconate in host defense and inflammation.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 278 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
278 citing papers in PubMed, 385 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ternary mTOR-targeted conductive nanofibrous scaffolds with bioactive peptides orchestrate immune-metabolic-fibrotic balance for diabetic bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Itaconate metabolism in regulated cell death.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Itaconate alleviates LPS-induced septic liver injury by regulating ROS-PAD4-mediated macrophages extracellular traps through Nrf2.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Itaconate and its derivatives in human health and diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Dimethyl itaconate attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in BALB/c mice: investigations on the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Tissue-Resident Macrophage in Inflammation and Cancer.MedComm · 2026Review
- Macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming in inflammatory repair failure in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Itaconic Acid Directly Binds to the Cysteine Residue of PurF: A Novel Mechanism for Inhibiting Purine Metabolism in Porcine PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Research on Sepsis and Metabolic Reprogramming from 1998 to 2025: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- IFN𝛾 and IFN𝛾 mimetics prevent IFN-I-mediated TB susceptibility by regulating iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Immunometabolic Regulation: A Review of Itaconate-Mediated Mechanisms.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Tissue-Resident Macrophage PIEZO1 Transduces Mechanical Stress into Inflammatory Pain in Acute Gout.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Organelle interplay in host responses and mycobacterial resilience.EMBO reports · 2026Review
- Offense and defense: itaconate mediates bidirectional immune regulation of host-bacteria interaction.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Myeloid DRP1 Sulfenylation Drives Reparative Macrophage Polarization and Neovascularization in Ischemic Muscle.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Role of itaconate in intestinal disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Dynamically responsive hydrogel with mechanical stimulation enhances diabetic wound healing via activation of Piezo1-mediated efferocytosis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii proliferation by dimethyl itaconate: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Metabolites as signalling molecules in the tumour immune microenvironment.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
218 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli including LPS undergo metabolic reprogramming to facilitate macrophage effector function. This metabolic reprogramming supports phagocytic function, cytokine release, and ROS production that are critical to protective inflammatory responses. The Krebs cycle is a central metabolic pathway within all mammalian cell types. In activated macrophages, distinct breaks in the Krebs cycle regulate macrophage effector function through the accumulation of several metabolites that were recently shown to have signaling roles in immunity. One metabolite that accumulates in macrophages because of the disturbance in the Krebs cycle is itaconate, which is derived from cis-aconitate by the enzyme cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1), encoded by immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1). This Review focuses on itaconate's emergence as a key immunometabolite with diverse roles in immunity and inflammation. These roles include inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (which controls levels of succinate, a metabolite with multiple roles in inflammation), inhibition of glycolysis at multiple levels (which will limit inflammation), activation of the antiinflammatory transcription factors Nrf2 and ATF3, and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Itaconate and its derivatives have antiinflammatory effects in preclinical models of sepsis, viral infections, psoriasis, gout, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and pulmonary fibrosis, pointing to possible itaconate-based therapeutics for a range of inflammatory diseases. This intriguing metabolite continues to yield fascinating insights into the role of metabolic reprogramming in host defense and inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.