ReviewNature protocols2022
Protein transfection via spherical nucleic acids.
Review in Nature protocols, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhancing Enzyme Activity Via Noncovalent Association with DNA-Functionalized Nanoparticles.JACS Au · 2026Article
- Article
- Spherical Nucleic Acids: Turning Synthetic Advances and Fundamental Discovery into Translational Breakthroughs in Chemistry, Materials Development, Biology, and Medicine.Accounts of chemical research · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-guided design of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Amphiphilic Polymeric Micelle Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs) as Drug Delivery Vehicles.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- Engineering spherical nucleic acids for precision cancer therapy: design strategies and medical applications.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Functionalizing Nucleic Acids: Synthesis and Purification Strategies for Bioconjugates as Biomaterials.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Advances in programmable DNA nanostructures enabling stimuli-responsive drug delivery and multimodal biosensing.RSC chemical biology · 2025Review
- DNA Dendron Tagging as a Universal Way to Deliver Proteins to Cells.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Designing nanotheranostics with machine learning.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Review
- Well Plate-Based Localized Electroporation Workflow for Rapid Optimization of Intracellular Delivery.Bio-protocol · 2024Article
- Next-Generation Nanopore Sensors Based on Conductive Pulse Sensing for Enhanced Detection of Nanoparticles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Article
- Spherical nucleic acids-based nanoplatforms for tumor precision medicine and immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Engineering protein-based therapeutics through structural and chemical design.Nature communications · 2023Review
- Cellular Delivery of Large Functional Proteins and Protein-Nucleic Acid Constructs via Localized Electroporation.Nano letters · 2023Article
- Spherical Nucleic Acids as Precision Therapeutics for the Treatment of Cancer-From Bench to Bedside.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The efficient transfection of functional proteins into cells can serve as a means for regulating cellular processes toward solving fundamental challenges in biology and medicine. However, the use of proteins as effective intracellular agents is hindered by their low cellular uptake and susceptibility to degradation. Over the past 15 years, our group has been developing spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), nanoparticles functionalized with a dense radially oriented shell of nucleic acids. These structures actively enter cells and have opened new frontiers in chemical sensing, biodiagnostics and therapeutics. Recently, we have shown that proteins can be used as structurally precise and homogeneous nanoparticle cores in SNAs. The resultant protein SNAs (ProSNAs) allow previously cell-impermeable proteins to actively enter cells, exhibit high degrees of stability and activity both in cell culture and in vivo, and show enhanced pharmacokinetics. Consequently, these modular structures constitute a plug-and-play platform in which the protein core and nucleic acid shell can be independently varied to achieve a desired function. Here, we describe the synthesis of ProSNAs through the chemical modification of solvent-accessible surface residues (3-5 d). We also discuss design considerations, strategies for characterization, and applications of ProSNAs in cellular transfection, biological sensing and functional enzyme delivery in vivo.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.