Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35039283›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2022

Prevalence and forms of gender discrimination and sexual harassment among medical students and physicians in French-speaking Switzerland: a survey.

Iris Najjar, Jennifer Socquet, Angele Gayet-Ageron, Bara Ricou, Julien Le Breton, Anne Rossel, Jasmine Abdulcadir, Cindy Soroken, Elena Tessitore, Caroline Gerstel and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.

Iris Najjar *Department of Medicine, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland iris.najjar@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3156-002X
Jennifer Socquet *Departement of Primary Health Care, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Angele Gayet-AgeronDepartement of Clinical Epidemiology, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6164-9693
Bara RicouDepartment of APSI, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Julien Le BretonDepartment of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Anne RosselDepartment of Medicine, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jasmine AbdulcadirDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Cindy SorokenDepartment of Maternity, Adolescent and Child Health, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Elena TessitoreDepartement of Cardiology, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1680-0152
Caroline GerstelDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Delta Practice Network, Geneva, Switzerland.
Julie HalimiDepartment of Child Psychiatry, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Giulia Frasca PolaraDepartement of Neurology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
Matteo Coen *Department of Medicine, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6156-1691
Eva Niyibizi *Deprtment of Emergency Care, Hirslanden Clinique La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland.
University of Geneva · CHSGS (Switzerland) · CHDelta Air Lines (United States) · USHirslanden Clinique La Colline · CHHôpital Lariboisière · FRPrimary Health Care · QAWorld Health Organization · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and forms of gender discrimination and sexual harassment experienced by medical students and physicians in French-speaking part of Switzerland. DESIGN AND

settingWe conducted an online survey using a questionnaire of 9 multiple-choice and 2 open questions between 24 January 2019 and 24 February 2019. Our target population was medical students and physicians working at hospitals and general practitioners from the French-speaking part of Switzerland. The online survey was sent via social media platforms and direct emails. We compared answers between male-determined and female-determined respondents using either χ

resultsAmong 1071 responders, a total of 893 were included (625 females, 264 males, 4 non-binary and 1 non-binary and male). 178 were excluded because they did not mention their working place or were working only outside Switzerland. Because of the small number of non-binary participants, they were not contemplated in further statistical analysis. Of 889 participants left, 199 (31.8%) women and 18 (6.8%) men reported having personally experienced gender discrimination, in terms of sexism, difficulties in career development and psychological pressure. Among women, senior attendings were the most affected (55.2%), followed by residents (44.1%) and junior attendings (41.1%). Sexual harassment was equally observed among women (19.0%) and men (16.7%). Compared with men (47.0%), women (61.4%) expressed the need to promote equality and inclusivity in medicine more frequently (p<0.001), as well as the need for support in their professional development (38.7% women and 23.9% men; p<0.001).

conclusionsGender discrimination in medicine in French-speaking Switzerland affects one-third of women, in particular, those working in hospital settings and senior positions.

Indexed as

PhysiciansSexual HarassmentStudents, MedicalFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceSexismSurveys and QuestionnairesSwitzerlandethics (see medical ethics)medical education & trainingmedical ethicspublic health

Identifiers

PMID35039283
PMCPMC8765015
OpenAlexW4206095150

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.