Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35038608›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2022

Nicotine/tobacco use disparities among transgender and gender diverse adults: Findings from wave 4 PATH data.

Ashlee N Sawyer, Rose S Bono, Bekir Kaplan, Alison B Breland

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
10.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. A Qualitative Investigation of Nicotine and Tobacco use in Young Pregnant and Birthing Sexual Minority People.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
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  10. Heterogeneity in Protective Factors as a Buffer for Unique Risk Factors and Daily Smoking Among Transgender Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ashlee N SawyerCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA. Electronic address: sawyeran@vcu.edu.
Rose S BonoCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
Bekir KaplanDepartment of Health Behavior and Society, Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Alison B BrelandCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
Virginia Commonwealth University · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Project 4: Using a prospective cohort survey to test population-level predictions generated by Projects 1-3U54DA036105 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI FAGAN, PEBBLES · 2018 to 2022
$20.8M
NIDA NIH HHS U54 DA036105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTransgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) populations have current cigarette/e-cigarette/cigar use rates ranging from 32.6% to 39.7%. Importantly, while some studies have reported tobacco use as significantly higher among TGD versus cisgender individuals in multivariate analyses, others have reported no significant differences. The present study used data from wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a large, nationally representative U.S. study, to examine relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, internal and external factors, and tobacco use behaviors, with a focus on TGD individuals.

methodsData were from 33,628 adults from the PATH study's wave 4 (collected December 2016-January 2018). Multivariable logistic regression models examined differences in current tobacco use (cigarettes, electronic nicotine products, and cigars) between TGD and cisgender individuals through the replication of previous work using PATH data, as well as evaluating the role of other internal and external factors.

resultsTGD individuals were 2-3 times more likely than cisgender individuals to report current nicotine/tobacco use, even after adjustment for potential confounders. TGD individuals tended to have lower income and education and be more likely to endorse a sexual minority identity than their cisgender counterparts; meanwhile, lower income, less education, and lesbian/gay and bisexual identities were significant predictors of nicotine/tobacco use, independent of TGD identity.

conclusionsPresent findings underscore the high rates of nicotine/tobacco use in the TGNC community and emphasize the necessity of TGD-focused research methods and measures, access to quality medical care, and policy aimed at minimizing marginalization and nicotine/tobacco use disparities experienced by TGD communities.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsSexual and Gender MinoritiesTransgender PersonsAdultFemaleGender IdentityHumansMaleNicotineTobacco UseNicotineAdultsGender minoritiesNicotine and tobacco usePopulation Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) studyTransgender and gender diverse (TGD)Transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC)

Identifiers

PMID35038608
PMCPMC8885914
OpenAlexW4205318414

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.