Trial reportJournal of the American Medical Directors Association2022
Pragmatic Trial of Personalized Music for Agitation and Antipsychotic Use in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia.
Trial report in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Are mind-body therapies beneficial for older people with dementia? A Systematic Review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Inconsistent Music-Based Intervention Reporting in Dementia Studies: A Systematic Mapping Review.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of a music-based care intervention on neuropsychiatric symptoms: secondary analysis of a cluster-randomised controlled study in nursing home residents with dementia and pain.BMC geriatrics · 2026Trial
- Moderators of Adherence Within a Nursing Home Pragmatic Trial of Personalized Music.The Gerontologist · 2025Trial
- Agreement of Antipsychotic Use between Nursing Home Electronic Records and Minimum Data Set.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2024Trial
- Using Structured Observations to Evaluate the Effects of a Personalized Music Intervention on Agitated Behaviors and Mood in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia: Results From an Embedded, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Pragmatic Implementation of a Music Intervention in Nursing Homes Before and During COVID-19.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2024Trial
- Personalization of Reminiscence Therapies in the Nursing Home Setting: Lessons from an Embedded Pragmatic Trial of a Music Intervention.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2023Trial
- Attitudes of older adult care workers towards older adults and their influencing factors in Western China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Music therapy in health care practice: promise, pitfalls, and policy implications.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Review
- Wearable monitoring during music-based interventions in dementia: physiological and behavioral observations from a pilot study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Music-Evoked Nostalgia Activates Default Mode and Reward Networks Across the Lifespan.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Resident and Nursing Home Factors Associated With Adherence to a Personalized Music Intervention: Secondary Analyses From Music & MEmory: A Pragmatic TRial for Nursing Home Residents With ALzheimer's Disease (METRIcAL).Journal of aging research · 2025Article
- Site-level factors affecting nursing home implementation of a personalized music intervention: Qualitative analyses from Music & Memory: A Pragmatic Trial for Nursing Home Residents with Alzheimer's Disease (METRIcAL).Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo test the effect of a personalized music intervention on agitated behaviors and medication use among long-stay nursing home residents with dementia.
designPragmatic, cluster-randomized controlled trial of a personalized music intervention. Staff in intervention facilities identified residents' early music preferences and offered music at early signs of agitation or when disruptive behaviors typically occur. Usual care in control facilities may include ambient or group music. SETTING AND
participantsThe study was conducted between June 2019 and February 2020 at 54 nursing homes (27 intervention and 27 control) in 10 states owned by 4 corporations.
methodsFour-month outcomes were measured for each resident. The primary outcome was frequency of agitated behaviors using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Secondary outcomes included frequency of agitated behaviors reported in the Minimum Data Set and the proportion of residents using antipsychotic, antidepressant, or antianxiety medications.
resultsThe study included 976 residents with dementia [483 treatment and 493 control; mean age = 80.3 years (SD 12.3), 69% female, 25% African American]. CMAI scores were not significantly different (treatment: 50.67, SE 1.94; control: 49.34, SE 1.68) [average marginal effect (AME) 1.33, SE 1.38, 95% CI -1.37 to 4.03]. Minimum Data Set-based behavior scores were also not significantly different (treatment: 0.35, SE 0.13; control: 0.46, SE 0.11) (AME -0.11, SE 0.10, 95% CI -0.30 to 0.08). Fewer residents in intervention facilities used antipsychotics in the past week compared with controls (treatment: 26.2, SE 1.4; control: 29.6, SE 1.3) (AME -3.61, SE 1.85, 95% CI -7.22 to 0.00), but neither this nor other measures of psychotropic drug use were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Personalized music was not significantly effective in reducing agitated behaviors or psychotropic drug use among long-stay residents with dementia. Barriers to full implementation included engaging frontline nursing staff and identifying resident's preferred music.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.