ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2022
Point-of-care semi-quantitative test for adherence to tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tenofovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine and dolutegravir concentrations in plasma and urine following drug intake cessation in a randomized controlled directly observed pharmacokinetic trial to aid point-of-care testing.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Trial
- Oral Fluid Concentrations of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine for Monitoring HIV Antiretroviral Adherence: Findings From a Randomized Trial with Directly Observed Therapy (TARGET Study).Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Are Sex-Specific Cutoffs Needed With a Next-Generation Urine Tenofovir Lateral Flow Assay for Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring?Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Validation of the REverSe TRanscrIptase Chain Termination assay for measuring tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots from a clinical pharmacokinetic trial.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Accuracy of Provider Predictions of Viral Suppression Among Adolescents and Young Adults With HIV in an HIV Clinical Program.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesObjective measurement of antiretrovirals may aid clinical interventions for improving adherence to HIV prevention or treatment regimens. A point-of-care urine test could provide real-time information about recent adherence to regimens containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide. We developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) and ELISA for urinary tenofovir.
methodsThe intensity of the LFA test line was quantified using an optical reader and visually scored 0-5 by two independent people, using a reference card. The sensitivity and specificity of both the ELISA and LFA were determined for two different tenofovir concentration cut-offs for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide adherence-1500 and 150 ng/mL, respectively. To validate the assays, we measured 586 urine samples from 28 individuals collected as part of a study of tenofovir pharmacokinetics in adults, which were also measured by MS for reference.
resultsBoth the LFA signal and ELISA signal were each strongly correlated with drug concentrations (0.91 and 0.92, respectively). The LFA signal and ELISA were highly sensitive and specific at both thresholds (LFA sensitivity/specificity: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 89%/96%; and tenofovir alafenamide, 90%/96%) (ELISA sensitivity/specificity: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 94%/94%; and tenofovir alafenamide, 92%/84%). Visual scoring of the LFA was also highly sensitive and specific at both the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate threshold and the tenofovir alafenamide threshold (sensitivity/specificity: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 91%/94%; and tenofovir alafenamide, 87%/90%).
conclusionsOur rapid semi-quantitative test can measure tenofovir concentrations relevant to both tenofovir alafenamide and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate adherence, which may support adherence-promoting interventions across a range of HIV care settings.
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